Figure 5. Total number of collected exuviae of the dragonfly species Orthetrum albistylum speciosum and Crocothemis servilia mariannae in each paddy.

Each bar represents a replicate. Asterisks indicate a significant difference as compared with the control (Dunnett’s test, ***P < 0.001). “NS” indicates no significant difference. The number of O. a. speciosum exuviae in the fipronil treatment was zero in both replicates. Therefore, Dunnett’s test could not be applied because the variance in the treatment was zero. However, these values were interpreted as being significantly lower than that of the control because no exuviae in both replicates represented a larger decrease than in the significant clothianidin case.