Table 1. Association of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated mortality with the use of glucocorticoids.

Univariate analyses
Variable	KS-IRIS (N = 135, % or mean)			KS mortality (N = 145, % or mean)
	KS-IRIS (N = 50)	Non-KS-IRIS (N = 85)	P	Death (N = 17)	Survival (N = 128)	P
Male gender	100%	96.47%	0.2952	88.00%	97.66%	0.1049
Age at KS Dx	31.46	34.84	0.0216 a	34.29	33.36	0.7798
MSM	94.00%	81.18%	0.0428 a	70.59%	87.50%	0.0747
ART delay (months)	11.33	16.46	0.3734	7.27	17.37	0.0585
Visceral KS	42.00%	38.82%	0.7202	70.59%	35.16%	0.0074 a
Glucocorticoid use	54.90%	36.47%	0.0474 a	76.47%	36.72%	0.0030 a
Mycobacterium sp	42.00%	28.23%	0.1305	41.18%	31.25%	0.4192
CD4+ cell count at KS Dx	147.32	103.25	0.0474 a	115.29	124.08	0.7696
HIV load at KS Dx	278,744	308,834	0.7757	67,824	311,816	0.00003 a
OIs	76.00%	69.41%	0.4362	70.59%	70.31%	1

Multivariate analyses
Variable	KS-IRIS (N = 135)			KS mortality (N = 145)
	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P
Glucocorticoid use (unadjusted)	2.045	1.005–4.160	0.0484 a	5.601	1.727–18.170	0.0041 a
Glucocorticoid use b	2.362	1.0838–5.149	0.0306 a	4.719	1.383–16.103	0.0132 a
MSM b	4.192	1.017–17.281	0.0473 a	NA	NA	NA
CD4+ at KS Dx b	1.004	1.001–1.008	0.0104 a	NA	NA	NA
Visceral KS	NA	NA	NA	3.551	1.076–11.72	0.0376 a

ART delay, more than 3 months of ART initiation after KS diagnosis; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ counts are expressed in cells/μl; CI, confidence interval; Dx, diagnosis; KS, Kaposi's sarcoma; KS-IRIS, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; OI, opportunistic infection; OR, odds ratio.

^aA two-sided P value ≤0.05 was considered to be significant. Only significant variables in univariate analyses were included in multivariate models. NA, not applied to the multivariate model.

^bAdjusted values.