Table 5. Heat production (kJ/kg of BW^0.75) from oxidation and fermentation; daily oxidation (kJ/kg of BW^0.75) of protein, carbohydrate, and fat and their contribution to the heat production from oxidation substrates (%) of Murciano-Granadina goats (n = 12) during midlactation by type of diet and period.

	Diet2			Period3			P-Value
Item1	BRL	OP	SH	1	2	SEM4	Diet	Period	Diet x Period
HPx	795.7	811.7	759.7	765.6	815.0	13.47	0.458	0.033	0.329
HPf	21.9c	35.4b	44.1a	29.7	33.6	2.32	0.000	0.268	0.442
OXP	56.0	47.5	66.4	49.1b	63.9a	3.45	0.083	0.014	0.489
OXCHO	471.9a	363.0b	115.6c	329.0	361.0	35.65	0.001	0.123	0.219
OXF	267.7c	401.1b	577.5a	387.3	389.9	33.23	0.001	0.505	0.148
OXP/HPx	7.1	5.8	8.8	6.4	7.9	0.44	0.056	0.054	0.733
OXCHO/HPx	59.2a	45.0b	14.6c	42.1	44.3	4.28	0.001	0.266	0.178
OXF/HPx	33.7c	49.2b	76.6a	51.5	47.8	4.40	0.001	0.175	0.186
RQnpx	0.89a	0.84b	0.76c	0.82	0.84	0.01	0.001	0.191	0.142

^a,b,cMeans within a row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

¹HPx = heat production from oxidation of nutrients; HPf = heat production of fermentation [HPf = HP − HPx (Brouwer, 1958)]; OXP = heat production associated with the oxidation of protein; OXCHO = heat production associated with the oxidation of carbohydrates; OXF = heat production associated with the oxidation of fat; RQnpx = non-protein respiratory quotient (unitless) from oxidation of nutrients {[CO₂x − (Nurine× 6.25 × 0.774)]/[O₂ − (Nurine × 6.25 × 0.957)], where CO₂ = CO₂ production from oxidation and Nurine = N in urine}.

²BRL = barley; OP = orange pulp; SH = soybean hulls.

³1 = first period; 2 = second period.

⁴SEM = standard error of the mean.