Table 2. Occurrence of successful egg parasitism by species, with tests for differences among habitats, including both fresh and frozen sentinel eggs.
EGG MASSES | EGGS | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PARASITOID SPECIES | Soy | Apple | Woods | PA for difference among habitats | Soy | Apple | Woods | |
Anastatus reduvii | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0.0658 | NS | 1 | 38 | 0 |
Telenomus podisi | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0.0091 | ** | 16 | 0 | 0 |
Trissolcus euschisti | 0 | 2 | 10 | < 0.0001 | *** | 0 | 26 | 160 |
Trissolcus brochymenae | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.0354 | * | 0 | 0 | 17 |
Trissolcus japonicus | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0.0036 | ** | 0 | 0 | 131 |
both native Trissolcus spp. | 0 | 2 | 14 | < 0.0001 | *** | 0 | 26 | 177 |
all natives | 5 | 4 | 14 | 0.0295 | * | 17 | 64 | 177 |
all species emerged | 5 | 4 | 20 | 0.0037 | ** | 17 | 64 | 308 |
unemerged parasitoids | 16 | 4 | 8 | 185 | 84 | 132 | ||
Observed rate of parasitism | 10.2% | 7.6% | 22.8% | |||||
Marginal rate of parasitism | 14.6% | 9.4% | 26.5% | |||||
Predation | 19 | 11 | 10 | 0.0858 | NS | 360 | 240 | 149 |
Undetermined mortality | 14 | 17 | 14 | 235 | 153 | 121 | ||
TOTAL Sentinel Egg masses / Eggs | 78 | 78 | 78 | 1976 | 1960 | 1928 |
NS = not significant;
* P<0.05;
** 0.001<P<0.05;
*** P<0.001 by Fisher exact test for egg masses, using n = 117 egg masses minus number completely predated