Table 2. Characteristics of child, mother and household associated with the risk of dying under the age of five years in Ifakara and Rufiji, United Republic of Tanzania, 2000–2011.
| Variable | HRa (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ifakarab | Rufijic | Alld | |
| Child | |||
| Sex | |||
| Boy | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | 1.08 (1.03–1.14) |
| Girl | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Birth order | |||
| First | 1.38 (1.25–1.54) | 1.34 (1.19–1.52) | 1.40 (1.29–1.52) |
| Second or third | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Fourth or more | 1.18 (1.08–1.29) | 1.11 (1.01–1.22) | 1.17 (1.09–1.24) |
| Mother | |||
| Age group, years | |||
| < 20 | 1.07 (0.98–1.18) | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) |
| 20–34 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| ≥ 35 | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 1.16 (1.04–1.30) | 1.13 (1.05–1.22) |
| Education | |||
| No education | 1.34 (1.05–1.70) | 1.30 (1.05–1.61) | 1.31 (1.12–1.54) |
| Primary incomplete | 1.56 (1.23–1.99) | 1.28 (1.02–1.60) | 1.49 (1.27–1.75) |
| Primary complete | 1.27 (1.01–1.60) | 1.15 (0.92–1.42) | 1.27 (1.08–1.48) |
| Secondary or more | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Household | |||
| Wealth quintilee | |||
| First | 1.21 (1.08–1.34) | 1.32 (1.17–1.49) | 1.28 (1.18–1.38) |
| Second | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 1.18 (1.04–1.33) | 1.11 (1.03–1.21) |
| Third | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.08 (0.96–1.22) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) |
| Fourth | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | 1.13 (1.00–1.27) | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) |
| Fifth | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Periodf | |||
| 2000–2001 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 2002–2003 | 1.17 (1.05–1.31) | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) |
| 2004–2005 | 0.99 (0.88–1.10) | 0.86 (0.76–0.96) | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) |
| 2006–2007 | 0.89 (0.80–1.00) | 0.72 (0.64–0.81) | 0.81 (0.75–0.88) |
| 2008–2009 | 0.78 (0.69–0.87) | 0.77 (0.68–0.86) | 0.78 (0.72–0.84) |
| 2010–2011 | 0.63 (0.56–0.71) | 0.66 (0.58–0.76) | 0.65 (0.60–0.71) |
CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio.
a HRs were calculated using multivariate analysis and Cox model.
b In the analysis 73 047 children and 3744 events were included.
c In the analysis 58 366 children and 3019 events were included.
d In the analysis 131 413 children and 6763 events were included.
e First quintile represents the poorest households and fifth quintile represents the richest.
f We used two-year period averages to stabilize rates differentials due to fewer numbers of child deaths in some years.