Fig. 6.

Catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure for last outpatient visit for adults aged 50 years or older with chronic illness, by household income and country, in six middle-income countries, 2007–2010

Notes: Chronic illness was defined as being diagnosed with at least one chronic disease. Catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure was defined as expenditure more than 30% of annual household per capita income, after the deduction of food expenditure at the last outpatient visit. Household income quintiles were based on annual household per capita income. The greater the distance between quintiles, the greater the effect of household income on the likelihood of catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure.