Table 2. Summary of Observed Changes in Cytokines Across Experiments 1 through 5.

Results from Experiments 1 through 5 are summarized, with respect to age at time of testing [postnatal day (P) 4 versus adulthood], dose of ethanol delivered, route of administration [intraperitoneal (i.p.) versus intragastric (i.g.)], brain region examined, method used to measure cytokines, time points assessed relative to ethanol challenge, and cytokine target of interest [interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa)].

Experiment	Age	Dose	Route	Structures Examined	Method	Time Points Examined	Target	Findings
1	P4	2-g/kg	i.p.	Whole brain	PCR	0.5, 1, 2, 4 hr	IL-1 mRNA	↓ mRNA expression at 30, 60 min
					ELISA		IL-1 protein	↓ protein (collapsed across time)
2	Adult	4-g/kg	i.p.	Hypothalamus	RT-PCR	3, 9, 15, 18 hr	IL-1	↑ at 15, 18 hr
							IL-6	↑ at 3, 9 hr
							TNFa	↓ at 3, 9 hr; ↑ at 18 hr
				Hippocampus	RT-PCR	3, 9, 15, 18 hr	IL-1	↑ at 15 hr
							IL-6	↑ at 3, 9, 18 hr
							TNFa	↓ at 3, 9, 18 hr
				Cerebellum	RT-PCR	3, 9, 15, 18 hr	IL-1	↓ at 3 hr
							IL-6	↑ at 9 hr
							TNFa	↓ at 3, 9 hr
				Spleen	RT-PCR	3, 9, 15, 18 hr	IL-1	↑ at 9, 15, 18 hr
							IL-6	↑ at 15, 18 hr
							TNFa	↑ at 18 hr
				Liver	RT-PCR	3, 9, 15, 18 hr	IL-1	↑ at 9, 15, 18 hr
							IL-6	↑ at 18 hr
							TNFa	↑ at 15, 18 hr
3	Adult	4-g/kg	i.p.	PVN	RT-PCR	3 or 18 hr	IL-1	↓ at 3 hr
							IL-6	↑ at 3 hr
							TNFa	↓ at 3 hr
4	Adult	4-g/kg	i.g.	PVN	RT-PCR	3, 10, 14 hr	IL-1	No change
							IL-6	↑ at 3 hr
							TNFa	No change
5	Adult	10 wks voluntary consumption + 4 g/kg	i.g.	PVN	RT-PCR	3 hr	IL-1	↓ at 3 hr
							IL-6	↑ at 3 hr
							TNFa	No change
				Hippocampus		3 hr	IL-1	↓ at 3 hr
							IL-6	No change
							TNFa	↓ at 3 hr
				Amygdala		3 hr	IL-1	↓ at 3 hr
							IL-6	↑ at 3 hr
							TNFa	Trend for ↓ at 3 hr