Table 1.
Baseline sample characteristics
| Characteristics | Mean (SD) | p-value | Total (n=77) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diet alone (n=38), | Combined (n=39) | |||
| Age, years | 56.37 (7.17) | 53.26 (8.17) | .08 | 54.79 (7.80) |
| Female | 30 (78.9 %) | 30 (76.9 %) | .83 | 60 (77.9%) |
| Race | .60 | |||
| White | 24 (63.2%) | 26 (66.7%) | 50 (64.9%) | |
| African American | 13 (34.2 %) | 13 (33.3 %) | 26 (33.8 %) | |
| Asian | 1 (2.6 %) | 0 (0 %) | 1 (1.3 %) | |
| Type 2 diabetes | 15 (39.5%) | 22 (56.4%) | .14 | 37 (48.1%) |
| Pre-diabetes | 23 (60.5%) | 17 (43.6%) | 40 (51.9%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34.11 (4.49) | 34.77 (5.02) | .54 | 34.44 (4.75) |
| HbA1c, % | 5.76 (0.68) | 5.89 (0.89) | .47 | 5.83 (0.79) |
| LDL, mg/dl | 108.61 (28.24) | 99.86 (32.07) | .23 | 104.3 (30.29) |
| HDL, mg/dl | 52.92 (5.96) | 52.26 (19.17) | .87 | 52.59 (17.52) |
| VLDL, mg/dl | 24.72 (11.37) | 27.60 (15.54) | .38 | 26.14 (13.57) |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 119.53 (57.76) | 141.57 (103.73) | .26 | 130.4 (83.82) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 185.08 (32.69) | 179.21 (41.71) | .50 | 182.14 (37.34) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 104.87 (10.69) | 105.41 (11.14) | .83 | 105.14 (10.85) |
| Total abdominal fat (MRI), cm2 | 714.38 (141.34) | 709.74 (147.25) | .90 | 711.87 (143.41) |
| Abdominal subcutaneous fat (MRI), cm2 | 503.41 (131.69) | 499.62 (131.49) | .91 | 501.37 (130.53) |
| Abdominal visceral fat (MRI), cm2 | 169.31 (62.89) | 175.15 (79.61) | .75 | 172.46 (71.89) |
| Peak oxygen uptake, ml O2/kg/min | 23.38 (4.08) | 24.26 (5.09) | 23.83 (4.61) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 125.95 (13.68) | 127.51 (15.07) | .64 | 126.74 (14.33) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 72.58 (8.38) | 73.38 (8.35) | .67 | 72.99 (8.32) |
| Duration of sleep during work days, hours | 7.24 (.93) | 6.92 (1.04) | .16 | 7.08 (.99) |
| Sleep composite scores | 15.84 (9.49) | 18.47 (9.12) | .25 | 17.25 (9.32) |
| Depression | 4.92 (5.74) | 5.46 (8.78) | .75 | 5.19 (7.40) |
| SF-36, mental component summary | 54.11 (9.36) | 52.87 (10.11) | .58 | 53.48 (9.70) |
| SF-36, physical component summary | 46.58 (8.88) | 46.90 (8.68) | .87 | 46.74 (8.72) |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; MRI, magnetic resonance image; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin