Table 3.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the association of proximity to elements of the food and physical activity environment with child’s weight status (n^a = 702).

Key geospatial predictor(s)b	Logit models Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)c	Probit models Marginal effectsc,d (95% CI)	Heckman-probit models Marginal effectsc,d,e (95% CI)
Distance to nearest (miles)
Convenience store	0.32 (0.07–1.37)	−0.23 (−0.51, 0.05)	−0.16 (−0.39, 0.07)
Presence in 1/2 mile radius
Convenience store	1.47 (0.35–6.20)	0.05 (−0.24, 0.34)	−0.08 (−0.35, 0.18)
Fast-food restaurant	1.41 (0.47–4.28)	0.09 (−0.14, 0.32)	0.13 (−0.08, 0.35)
Park (1 acre or more)	0.41 (0.21–0.81)**	−0.19 (−0.33, −0.05)**	−0.14 (−0.30, 0.02)*
Presence in 1/4 mile radius
Convenience store	1.90 (1.04–3.45)**	0.13 (0.01, 0.25)**	0.13 (0.01, 0.26)**
Number in 1/4 mile radius
Convenience store	1.11 (1.00–1.22)**	0.02 (0.002, 0.04)**	0.02 (−0.001, 0.04)*

^aUnweighted sample size.

^bMultivariate regressions were run for geospatial variables having a significant (p < 0.1) bivariate association with child’s weight status (see Table 2).

^cSample weighted and SE adjusted for complex survey design; each model controlled for child’s age, child’s sex, race/ethnicity, household poverty status, parental nativity, mother’s education level, household language status, parental BMI, median income in the block group of child’s residence, and racial/ethnic composition in the block group of child’s residence.

^dMarginal effects indicate the change in the likelihood of being overweight/obese for individuals with the average value of the remaining covariates in the model.

^eThe first-stage selection equation of the Heckman-Probit model was run on an unweighted sample of n = 2200.

^**p < 0.05.

^*p < 0.10.