Construction of CaPUB1-overexpressing transgenic rice plants. (A) Schematic representation of the CaPUB1 overexpression binary vector construct. RB, right border; pUbi, maize ubiquitin promoter; NOS-T, NOS terminator; p35S, 35S CaMV promoter; Hpt, hygromycin phosphotransferase; T7-T, T7 terminator; LB, left border. A solid line indicates a DNA probe for genomic Southern blot analysis. (B) RT-PCR analysis of wild-type and Ubi:CaPUB1 T3 transgenic (lines #1 and #2) rice plants. OsUBQ10 was used as a loading control. (C) Identification of two independent transgenic lines by DNA gel blot analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated from mature leaf tissues and digested with EcoRI restriction enzyme. The DNA gel blot was hybridized with 32P-labeled HPT probe. (D) Morphology of 3-month-old wild-type and Ubi:CaPUB1 T3 transgenic rice plants under normal growth conditions. Scale bars = 10 cm.