Table 2. Patients’ demographic data and clinical characteristics.
| All patients (n = 242) | Survivors (n = 90) | Non-survivors (n = 152) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58 ± 14 | 58 ± 14 | 58 ± 14 | NS (0.775) |
| Gender (M/F) | 183/59 | 72/18 | 111/41 | NS (0.278) |
| Body weight (kg) | 65.2 ± 12.7 | 65.3 ± 12.6 | 65.1 ± 12.8 | NS (0.919) |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | 8 ± 8 | 6 ± 6 | 9 ± 9 | 0.002 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 26 ± 24 | 29 ± 28 | 24 ± 22 | NS (0.093) |
| MAP, ICU admission (mmHg) | 72.3 ± 15.6 | 78.8 ± 14 | 68 ± 15 | <0.001 |
| Glasgow coma scale, ICU admission | 9 ± 5 | 11 ± 5 | 8 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| Serum Creatinine, ICU first day (mg/dl) | 2.6 ± 2.1 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Leukocytes, ICU first day (10^3/dl) | 13.0 ± 7.9 | 10.8 ± 6.3 | 14.4 ± 8.5 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, ICU first day (g/dl) | 9.1 ± 2.1 | 9.1 ± 2.0 | 9.1 ± 2.2 | NS (0.940) |
| Platelets, ICU first day (x10^9/l) | 95 ± 74 | 90 ± 55 | 98 ± 83 | NS (0.422) |
| Albumin, ICU first day (g/dl) | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Sodium, ICU first day (mmol/l) | 137 ± 10 | 138 ± 8 | 137 ± 10 | NS (0.292) |
| Bilirubin, ICU first day (mg/dl) | 10.2 ± 11.1 | 4.7 ± 6.5 | 13.9 ± 11.9 | <0.001 |
| Prothrombin time INR, ICU first day | 2.3 ± 1.5 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| AST, ICU first day | 179 ± 501 | 95 ± 176 | 228 ± 613 | 0.021 |
| ALT, ICU first day (units/l) | 518 ± 1962 | 212 ± 412 | 704 ± 2450 | 0.013 |
| DM (yes/no) | 72/170 | 32/58 | 40/112 | NS (0.147) |
| Hepatic encephalopathy (yes/no) | 151/91 | 47/43 | 104/48 | 0.014 |
| Previous ascites (yes/no) | 186/56 | 68/22 | 118/34 | NS (0.753) |
| Previous SBP (yes/no) | 53/189 | 13/77 | 40/112 | 0.036 |
| Previous EV bleeding (yes/no) | 134/108 | 58/32 | 76/76 | 0.033 |
| Previous peptic ulcer bleeding (yes/no) | 85/157 | 29/61 | 56/96 | NS (0.489) |
| Previous hepatoma (yes/no) | 74/168 | 27/63 | 47/105 | NS (1.000) |
| Previous renal failure (yes/no) | 63/179 | 18/72 | 45/107 | NS (0.129) |
| Respiratory failure, ICU first day (yes/no) | 151/91 | 49/41 | 102/50 | NS (0.055) |
| Sepsis, ICU admission (yes/no) | 116/71 | 32/24 | 84/47 | NS (0.412) |
| Child-Pugh points | 11 ± 2 | 10 ± 2 | 12 ± 2 | <0.001 |
| MELD score | 28 ± 12 | 19 ± 7 | 33 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| APACHE II | 25 ± 9 | 20 ± 7 | 28 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| APACHE III | 105 ± 40 | 78 ± 31 | 121 ± 35 | <0.001 |
| SOFA | 11 ± 5 | 7 ± 3 | 13 ± 4 | <0.001 |
Abbreviation: M, male; F, female; ICU, intensive care unit; MAP, mean arterial pressure; INR, international normalized ratio; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; DM, diabetes mellitus; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; EV, esophageal varices; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA, sequential organfailure assessment.
Values in bold are statistically significant (P-value < 0.05).
There were significant differences in length of ICU stay, mean arterial pressure, Glasgow coma scale, serum creatinine, albumin, bilirubin, AST, ALT, prothrombin time INR, leukocyte count, presence of hepatic encephalopathy, previous SBP, previous EV bleeding, liver and ICU prognostic scores.