Endemism in Malagasy grass flora compared to island (blue) and continental (grey) regions of the world. Madagascar (red) is included twice, as a separate island (MDG) and again together with the surrounding islands (29), to demonstrate that endemism is similar in both cases. Numbers indicate regions of the world following the Taxonomic Database Working Group, which are listed in the electronic supplementary material, table S1. (a) Number of Poaceae endemics plotted against species richness (data from GrassBase [31]); R2 = 0.47. Poaceae endemicity in the Malagasy floristic region is in the line with other subtropical islands. (b) Poaceae endemism plotted against land area; R2 = 0.09. Madagascar shows high endemism for its land area, comparable to New Zealand.