Table 1.
Included study characteristics, table ordered by filovirus speciesand chronological date of relevant outbreaks
| Species | Outbreak date, location, authors | Type of information relevant to this review |
|---|---|---|
| BUDV | Aug–Dec 2007, Bundibugyo Uganda 38 | Delayed recognition; unconfirmed, risks of attending childbirth |
| Aug–Dec 2007, Bundibugyo Uganda 27 | Numerical risk ratio data, various attributes, OR | |
| MARV | 1967, Germany and Yugoslavia 17,21 | Documents transmission of disease from sexual contact |
| Feb–Mar 1975, Johannesburg South Africa 85 | Likely transmission moment = handling wet paper tissues from bereaved incubator | |
| Mar–Jul 2005, Uige, Angola 26 | OR data | |
| SUDV | 31 Jul–6. Nov 1979, Nzara, Yambio, Sudan 25 | 34 patients, concentration in blood, one OR + anecdotal, during & after illness |
| Aug 2000–Jan 2001, Gulu, Uganda 22 | PPRs, fomites suggested, many factors | |
| Aug 2000–Jan 2001, Gulu, Uganda 40 | Children under 18 survive better, close contact risk | |
| EBOV | 1 Sep–24 Oct 1976, Bumba, Yambuku, Zaire 11,19 | ORs (also in Breman et al. ) Non-intimate contact risk, touching dry skin, sexual partners, attending childbirth or a funeral, intimate funeral tasks, needle sharing, bedbugs, rats? |
| 1976–77, Sud-Ubangi subregion, Zaire (Tandala) 12 | 1981–85 surveillance report: direct contact implicated, asymptomatic, antibody prevalence | |
| Jan–Jul 1995, Kikwit DRC 24 | PPRs, not recognized until May 1995; households of 27 cases interviewed 17 May–3 June about risk factors (no risk after 1 May); stage of illness relevance | |
| Apr–May 1995, Mosango DRC 28 | Related to Kikwit outbreak, 23 only in Mosango; forms of dangerous contact | |
| Jan-Jul 1995, Kikwit DRC 23 | Matched ORs | |
| 1994–96, Gabon 29 | Occupation and economic activity | |
| 2002–03, Rep. of Congo 35 | Cases linked to direct contact between people following primary contacts with wildlife | |
| 2005, Etoumbi DRC 41 | Gender factors, funerals, cremation controversy | |
| May–Nov 2007, Occidental Kasaı, DRC 37 | Suggests via sweat, dead animals | |
| 2014, Sierra Leone 39 | Transmission after caring for ill patient, organizing funeral, caring for infant or attending during childbirth | |
| 2014, Sierra Leone patient taken to Germany 36 | Believed transmission in office or lavatory; high levels of virus detected in sweat | |
| 2014, Sierra Leone 34 | Funerals, health care workerss affected; people who left clinic but had EVD after all | |
| 2014–15, Sierra Leone 32,45 | Touching bodies at funerals, contact with or caring for patients, touching cadavers | |
| 2014, Conakry, Guinea 33 | Reproduction numbers, chains of transmission | |
| 2014–15 Guinea 18 and Liberia 30,42–44 | Care in community, funerals and cremation. Also, assistance into taxi | |
| 2015 Liberia 31 | Following sexual contact |