(A) Relationships between the traits according to Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Two traits that showed significant correlation are connected to each other. Significant correlation coefficients are indicated by solid lines (more than ±0.212; α = 0.01) or broken lines (more than ±0.156; α = 0.05). Correlation coefficients of more than ±0.500 are shown by thick solid lines. PW, plant weight; SLW, stem and leaf weight; CL, culm length; PL, panicle length; FLL, flag leaf length; SPAD, chlorophyll content; DTH, days to heading; NSC, non-structural carbohydrate content; SF, spikelet fertility; 1000GW, 1000-grain weight; SN, spikelet number per panicle; PN, panicle number; HI, harvest index; GW, grain weight. (B) Path diagram showing two independent variables, GW and SLW, and the residual variable U, affecting plant weight (PW). Numbers indicate partial regression coefficients. ***, P < 0.0001. (C) Biplot based on principal component analysis for the traits. The percent variation explained by each principal component is shown in parentheses.