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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Child Fam Stud. 2015 Jul 3;25(2):396–406. doi: 10.1007/s10826-015-0244-1

Table 1.

Sample demographic characteristics by study

M (S.D.) or Percentage
Young
n = 210
Middle
n = 200
Adolescents
n = 205
Parent Age 32.61 (7.44) 34.43 (6.92) 40.54 (18.34)
Parent (% Mothers) 59.0% 51% 53.2%
Parent Race
   White 78.4% 72.7% 80.5%
   Black 12.0% 17.3% 10.2%
   Latino/a 4.3% 3.5% 5.4%
   Asian 5.3% 4.5% 2.4%
   Other 0% 2.0% 1.5%
Parent Marital Status
   Single 17% 21.1% 21.9%
   Married 60.2% 58.3% 58.2%
   Cohabitating 22.8% 20.6% 19.9%
Parent Education
   Did not complete H.S. .5% 1.0% 1.5%
   H.S. or GED 11.9% 14.0% 16.6%
   Some College 35.2% 33.5% 28.8%
   College Degree 36.2% 36.5% 41.5%
   > College Degree 16.2% 15.0% 11.8%
Parent Employment Status
   Full-time 56.2% 59.0% 63.9%
   Half-time 20.0% 20.5% 23.4%
   Unemployed 23.8% 20.5% 12.7%
Family Income
   Under $30,000 24.3% 27.0% 24.9%
   $30,000 – $49,999 31.9% 15.5% 26.8%
   $50,000 – $69,999 20.4% 20.0% 24.4%
   $70,000 – $99,999 14.8% 15.5% 16.1%
   $100,000 or more 8.6% 12.0% 7.8%
Family Neighborhood
   Urban 27.6% 23.5% 28.3%
   Suburban 51.0% 54.0% 53.7%
   Rural 21.4% 22.5% 18.0%
Number of Children 1.75 (.92) 1.77 (.89) 1.83 (.90)
Youth Age 4.75 (1.34) 9.3 (1.22) 14.42 (1.38)
Child Birth Order
   First Born 27.1% 32.0% 43.4%
   Middle Child 7.6% 10.0% 6.3%
   Youngest Child 25.7% 19.5% 20.5%
   Only Child 39.5% 38.5% 29.8%
Youth Gender (% Girls) 47.1% 45% 37.1%