. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Child Fam Stud. 2015 Jul 3;25(2):396–406. doi: 10.1007/s10826-015-0244-1

Table 2.

Means and correlations among main study variables across samples.

Young Childhood	M (SD)	Range	2	3	4
1. Harsh Discipline	10.31 (4.2)	6 – 25	.23^**	.23^**	.29^**
2. Lax Discipline	18.16 (5.9)	9 – 40	--	.32^**	.30^**
3. Youth Internalizing	1.18 (1.8)	0 – 8		--	.52^**
4. Youth Externalizing	1.96 (2.3)	0 – 11			--

Middle Childhood			2	3	4

1. Harsh Discipline	7.43 (3.5)	4 – 16	.24^**	.23^**	.32^**
2. Lax Discipline	16.39 (5.6)	9 – 34	--	.33^**	.23^**
3. Youth Internalizing	1.24 (1.8)	0 – 8		--	.45^**
4. Youth Externalizing	1.63 (2.2)	0 – 12			--

Adolescence			2	3	4

1. Harsh Discipline	10.83 (4.8)	7 – 25	.36^**	.23^**	.24^**
2. Lax Discipline	17.42 (5.4)	9 – 39	--	.26^**	.36^**
3. Youth Internalizing	1.99 (2.3)	0 – 11		--	.55^**
4. Youth Externalizing	1.77 (2.4)	0 – 12			--

Note: N = 615,

^**

p < .01