Figure 1.

Effect of phenylephrine on the expression of autophagy and cardiac hypertrophy markers. Cardiomyocytes were incubated in serum-free medium for 18 h for serum starvation followed by treatment with phenylephrine (PE, 50 ìM) for 6–24 h. (A,B) The expression levels of LC3, Beclin-1, Noxa, Mcl-1, ANP, BNP, and P62 were examined by western blotting and quantified by densitometry. GAPDH was used as an internal control. Experiments were repeated four times. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 vs. Control treated for 1 h.