Table 3.
Associations of sedentary, standing, and physical activity time with health-related quality of life scoresa in colorectal cancer survivors in single-variable and partition linear regression modelsb
| Sedentary (per 1 h/day) | Standing (per 1 h/day) | Physical activity (per 1 h/day) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | |
| Global quality of life (n = 136) | ||||||
| Single-variable modelsc | −1.6 | −3.4, 0.1 | 1.2 | −1.0, 3.5 | 3.6 | −0.8, 7.9 |
| Partition modeld | −1.7 | −5.2, 1.8 | −0.8 | −4.5, 2.9 | 1.4 | −4.4, 7.3 |
| Physical functioning (n = 136) | ||||||
| Single-variable modelsc | −3.3 | −5.2, −1.4 | 4.4 | 2.1, 6.8 | 8.3 | 3.7, 13.0 |
| Partition modeld | 1.0 | −2.6, 4.6 | 4.1 | 0.3, 7.9 | 6.6 | 0.6, 12.7 |
| Role functioning (n = 136) | ||||||
| Single-variable modelsc | −2.4 | −4.8, 0.0 | 3.5 | 0.5, 6.5 | 4.3 | −1.8, 10.3 |
| Partition modeld | 0.2 | −4.7, 5.1 | 3.3 | −1.8, 8.4 | 1.9 | −6.1, 9.9 |
| Social functioning (n = 136) | ||||||
| Single-variable modelsc | −1.0 | −2.9, 0.8 | 1.1 | −1.2, 3.4 | 1.2 | −3.4, 5.8 |
| Partition modeld | −1.0 | −4.7, 2.7 | 0.2 | −3.7, 4.1 | −0.6 | −6.8, 5.5 |
| Disability (n = 132) | ||||||
| Single-variable modelsc | 2.7 | 1.4, 4.1 | −3.7 | −5.4, −2.0 | −5.8 | −9.2, −2.4 |
| Partition modeld | −0.3 | −2.9, 2.4 | −3.2 | −6.1, −0.4 | −3.6 | −8.0, 0.8 |
| Fatigue (n = 134) | ||||||
| Single-variable modelsc | 3.6 | 1.0, 6.2 | −4.3 | −7.5, −1.0 | −6.1 | −12.6, 0.4 |
| Partition modeld | 1.8 | −3.3, 6.8 | −2.2 | −7.5, 3.2 | −1.8 | −10.3, 6.6 |
| Depression (n = 135) | ||||||
| Single-variable modelsc | 0.2 | −0.2, 0.5 | −0.1 | −0.6, 0.3 | −0.5 | −1.3, 0.3 |
| Partition modeld | 0.1 | −0.6, 0.7 | 0.0 | −0.7, 0.7 | −0.4 | −1.5, 0.7 |
| Anxiety (n = 135) | ||||||
| Single-variable modelsc | 0.1 | −0.2, 0.5 | −0.1 | −0.6, 0.3 | −0.7 | −1.5, 0.2 |
| Partition modeld | −0.1 | −0.8, 0.6 | 0.0 | −0.8, 0.7 | −0.8 | −1.9, 0.4 |
β unstandardized regression coefficient (representing the difference in mean health-related quality of life score per additional 1 h/day of sedentary, standing or physical activity time); CI confidence interval
aScales are 0–100 (global quality of life, physical, role, and social functioning, and disability), 20–140 (fatigue), and 0–21 (depression and anxiety), with higher scores indicating higher global quality of life, physical, role, and social functioning, disability, fatigue, depression, and anxiety
bAll models were adjusted for age (years), gender, number of comorbidities (0/1/≥ 2), smoking status (current/previous or never), time since diagnosis (years), cancer stage (I/II/III), body mass index (kg/m2), perceived deficiency in social support score (continuous), chemotherapy received (yes/no; only models with physical functioning, fatigue, and depression as outcome), stoma (yes/no; only models with physical and role functioning, disability, and anxiety as outcome), tumor subsite (colon/rectum, with rectosigmoid classified as rectum; only models with physical and role functioning, and disability as outcome), education level (low/medium/high; only models with fatigue and depression as outcome), having a partner (yes/no; only models with anxiety as outcome)
cEach activity category (sedentary, standing, and physical activity time) was entered separately in a single confounder-adjusted model without adjustment for any of the other activities, to estimate overall associations of each activity category separately
dAll activity categories (sedentary, standing, and physical activity time) were entered simultaneously in a single confounder-adjusted model, to estimate independent associations of each activity category, while keeping time in other activities constant