Table 1. Demographic characteristics and comorbid medical disorders for subjects with COPD and in the comparison cohort in LHID main database and NHIS validation database, 2004–2007.

Variable	Main study				Validation study
	Subjects with COPD N = 16239		Comparison Subjects N = 48717		Subjects with COPD N = 350		Comparison Subjects N = 1050
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Gender
Male	10538	64.9	31614	64.9	248	70.9	744	70.9
Female	5701	35.1	17103	35.1	102	29.1	306	29.1
Age (years-old)
51–60	3058	18.8	9174	18.8	85	24.3	255	24.3
61–70	4019	24.7	12057	24.7	76	21.7	228	21.7
>70	9162	56.4	27486	56.4	189	54.0	567	54.0
Hypertension
Yes	8993	55.4	24032	49.3	220	62.9	549	52.3
No	7246	44.6	24685	50.7	130	37.1	501	47.7
Hyperlipidemia
Yes	3591	22.1	10053	20.6	87	24.9	239	22.8
No	12648	77.9	38664	79.4	263	75.1	811	77.2
Stroke
Yes	2419	14.9	5167	10.6	96	27.4	187	17.8
No	13820	85.1	43550	89.4	254	72.6	863	82.2
Diabetes
Yes	3517	21.7	10428	21.4	96	27.4	218	20.8
No	12722	78.3	38289	78.6	254	72.6	832	79.2
Autoimmune disease
Yes	577	3.6	1194	2.5	12	3.4	37	3.5
No	15662	96.4	47523	97.5	338	96.6	1013	96.5
Inhaled medications
Yes	5877	36.2	1823	3.7	177	50.6	94	9.0
No	10362	63.8	46894	96.3	173	49.4	956	91.0
Nsaid
Yes	4172	25.7	9264	19.0	191	54.6	540	51.4
No	12067	74.3	39453	81.0	159	45.4	510	48.6
Smoking
Yes					157	44.9	368	35.0
No					193	55.1	682	65.0
Drinking
Yes					92	26.3	315	30.0
No					258	73.7	735	70.0
BMI (SD)					23.3	(3.7)	24.0	(3.7)

Abbreviation: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.