Table 5.
Pooled estimation of LR for symptoms and signs of pheochromocytoma
| Sign/symptom | Number of studies | LR+ (95%CI) | LR- (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palpitation | 2 | 1.888 (1.161–3.073) | 0.518 (0.333–0.806) |
| Diaphoresis | 2 | 2.184 (1.411–3.382) | 0.451(0.310–0.657) |
| Classic triada | 2 | 6.312 (0.217–183.217) | 0.139 (0.059–0.331) |
| Hypertension | 5 | 0.762 (0.562–1.033) | 1.682 (1.093–2.589) fixed effect |
| Weakness/fatigue | 2 | 1.123 (0.658–1.919) | 0.964 (0.772–1.205) |
| Anxiety | 2 | 1.127 (0.500–2.541) | 0.933 (0.635–1.369) |
| Headache | 2 | 1.607 (1.124–2.297) | 0.240 (0.094–0.613) |
| Flushing | 2 | 0.283 (0.058–1.391) | 1.466 (0.754–2.850) |
| Spells | 1b | 0.93 | 1.16 |
| Pallor | 1 | 4.667 | 0.718 |
| Diarrhea | 1 | 0.311 | 1.188 |
| Constipation | 1 | 0.156 | 1.230 |
| Dizziness | 1 | 0.431 | 1.493 |
| Paresthesia | 1 | 1.867 | 0.933 |
| Tremor | 1 | 0.560 | 1.096 |
| Orthostatic hypotensionc | 1 | 1.885 | 0.792 |
a In all but classic triad, the control group was highly suspected but ruled out pheochromocytoma. In the classic triad, the control groups were patients with hypertension
b These symptoms were evaluated in Stein’s article.16
c The definition of orthostatic hypotension in Plouin study was falling SBP > 10 mmHg, and the control group was patients with essential hypertension