Table 1.
Summary of Hypothalamic Wnt Signalling Genes in Different Model Organisms and the Known Stimuli That Cause Gene Expression Changes
| Functional gene grouping | Gene name | Species | Stimulus for gene expression change if known | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wnt/β‐catenin pathway | ||||
| Axin‐1 | Axin‐1 | Mouse | 20 | |
| TCF‐7 | T‐cell specific transcription factor 7 | Mouse | 20 | |
| β‐Cat | β‐catenin | Mouse | 20 | |
| DSL | Dishevelled | Mouse | 20 | |
| Rat | LP↑ | 44 | ||
| Fzd5 | Frizzled homologue 5 | Mouse | 20 | |
| GSK‐3β | Glycogen synthase | Mouse | Leptin↑ HFD↑ | 19, 20 |
| kinase 3β | Hamster | 27 | ||
| Lef 1 | Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 | Rat | LP↑ | 44 |
| Fzd9 | Frizzled homologue 9 | Rat | LP↑ | 44 |
| Tcf‐3 | Transcription factor 3 | Rat | LP↑ | 44 |
| Wnt/Ca2+ pathway/ligands | ||||
| Wnt4 | Wingless‐type 4 | Mouse | Leptin↑ | 20 |
| Hamster | LP↑ | 27 | ||
| Wnt7a | Wingless‐type 7a | Mouse | Leptin↑ | 20 |
| Wnt9a | Wingless‐type 9a | Rat | LP↑ | 44 |
| Wnt9b | Wingless‐type 9b | Rat | LP↑ | 44 |
| Wnt signalling regulation | ||||
| Dkk1 | Dickkopf 1 | Mouse | Leptin↑ | 19 |
| Dkk3 | Dickkopf 3 | Mouse | 20 | |
| Rat | LP↑ NMU↑ | 21, 44 | ||
| Hamster | 27 | |||
| sFrp2 | Secreted frizzle related protein 2 | Rat | LP↑ NMU↑ | 21, 44, 45 |
| Hamster | LP↑ | 27 | ||
| Mfrp | Membrane frizzle related protein | Rat | LP↑ | 45 |
| Wnt‐signalling target genes | ||||
| Axin‐2 | Axis inhibition protein 2 | Mouse | Leptin↑ | 20 |
| Hamster | 27 | |||
| CCND1 | Cyclin D1 | Mouse | Leptin↑ | 20 |
| Hamster | 27 | |||
HFD, high‐fat diet; LP, long photoperiod; NMU, neuromedin U.