Table 5.
Clinical characteristics of people with different serum zinc levels
| Items | Upper tertile | Middle tertile | Lower tertile | Statistic values | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 137 | 137 | 138 | – | – |
| Male, n (%) | 90 (66) | 77 (56) | 66 (48) | 8.943* | 0.011‡ |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 51 ± 14 | 57 ± 13 | 61 ± 12 | 20.634† | <0.001‡ |
| Waist (cm), mean ± SD | 97 ± 11 | 95 ± 11 | 95 ± 12 | 1.631† | 0.197 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (range) | 26.1 (18.6–43.2) | 25.4 (18.1–35.7) | 25.4 (17.7–40.0) | 5.239* | 0.073 |
| Duration (years), median (range) | 7 (0–26) | 10 (0–31) | 13 (0–42) | 26.665* | <0.001‡ |
| Prevalence of hypertention, n (%) | 67 (48.9) | 83 (60.6) | 85 (61.6) | 5.57* | 0.062 |
| HbA1c (%), median (range) | 8.3 (5.6–14.7) | 8.4 (5.8–13.5) | 9.1 (5.8–14.5) | 6.784* | 0.034‡ |
| C-P (ng/ml), median (range) | 2.14 (0.45–4.79) | 1.87 (0.06–17.78) | 1.69 (0.11–7.11) | 13.984* | 0.001‡ |
| 2-h C-P (ng/ml), median (range) | 5.10 (0.75–19.98) | 4.29 (0.11–18.09) | 3.84 (0.60–11.11) | 17.565* | <0.001‡ |
| TC (mmol/L), median (range) | 4.7 (2.0–12.0) | 4.4 (2.5–10.8) | 4.3 (2.2–10.0) | 6.434* | 0.040‡ |
| TG (mmol/L), median (range) | 1.9 (0.6–18.3) | 1.6 (0.6–14.9) | 1.4 (0.5–10.6) | 24.546* | <0.001‡ |
| HDL-C (mmol/L), median (range) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 1.0 (0.4–1.8) | 5.424* | 0.066 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 0.511† | 0.601 |
| eGFR (ml·min-1·1.73 m-2), mean ± SD | 1216 ± 35 | 114 ± 32 | 109 ± 34 | 4.792† | 0.009‡ |
| Prevalence of DR, n (%) | 14 (10.2) | 26 (19.0) | 38 (27.5) | 13.433* | 0.001‡ |
| Prevalence of DN, n (%) | 18 (13.1) | 25 (18.2) | 48 (34.8) | 20.473* | <0.001‡ |
| Prevalence of DPN, n (%) | 63 (46.0) | 85 (62.0) | 86 (62.3) | 9.778* | 0.008‡ |
*χ2 values, †F values, ‡Statistical significance. SD: Standard deviation; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; C-P: C-peptide; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; DR: Diabetic retinopathy; DN: Diabetic nephropathy; DPN: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy.