Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 65)
| Items | Baseline | 2 years later | t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| History-based | ||||
| Height of shoe heels (0/<5 cm/>5 cm) (n) | NA | 59/6/0 | NA | NA |
| Blisters (without/with) (n) | NA | 62/3 | NA | NA |
| Calluses (without/with) (n) | NA | 52/13 | NA | NA |
| Infections (without/with) (n) | NA | 46/19 | NA | NA |
| Ulcers (without/with) (n) | NA | 63/2 | NA | NA |
| NSS | 4.00 (3.00) | 4.00 (3.00) | 1.974 | 0.048 |
| Anthropometric | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.91 ± 3.02 | 26.35 ± 3.28 | −2.165 | 0.034 |
| Left foot sensation (normal/weaken/disappear) (n) | 54/10/1 | 51/13/1 | 2.000 | 0.046 |
| Left ABI | 1.21 (0.20) | 1.18 (0.19) | −4.033 | 0.000 |
| Left intima-media membrane (not thick/thick) (n) | 48/17 | 39/26 | 5.818 | 0.012 |
| MCV (m/s) | 47.78 ± 11.45 | 46.75 ± 12.18 | 1.292 | 0.201 |
| SCV (m/s) | 39.00 (15.00) | 37.00 (16.00) | −2.980 | 0.003 |
| Metabolic | ||||
| FBG (mmol/L) | 8.10 (3.02) | 8.17 (4.15) | −2.065 | 0.039 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.7 ± 1.6 | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 2.506 | 0.015 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.68 (1.33) | 5.61 (1.90) | 4.369 | 0.000 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.83 (1.19) | 2.18 (1.67) | 4.287 | 0.000 |
Normally distributed data are expressed as mean ± SD. Abnormally distributed data are expressed as the median (interquartile range). Rank data and categorical data are expressed with numbers. The P values are derived from the comparison between the clinical characteristics data at the baseline point and 2 years later. NSS: Neuropathy symptom score; BMI: Body mass index; ABI: Ankle-brachial index; Intima-media membrane: Intima-media membrane of the lower limb blood vessels; MCV: Motor nerve conduction velocity of the left common peroneal nerve; SCV: Sensory nerve conduction velocity of the left common peroneal nerve; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; SD: Standard deviation; NA: Not available.