Table 2.
Plantar pressure parameters at the baseline point and 2 years later of the patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 65)
| Plantar pressure parameters | Baseline point | 2 years later | t | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | |||
| Maximum force (N) | ||||||
| Toe 1 | 67.200 | 76.530 | 64.320 | 78.540 | −0.078 | 0.937 |
| Toe 2–5 | 4.500 | 11.200 | 5.610 | 13.950 | −0.971 | 0.332 |
| Meta 1 | 69.500 | 68.265 | 79.860 | 75.510 | −2.094 | 0.036 |
| Meta 2 | 137.430 | 81.365 | 164.060 | 87.080 | −3.134 | 0.002 |
| Meta 3 | 138.900 | 66.850 | 171.440 | 105.590 | −3.364 | 0.001 |
| Meta 4 | 107.500 | 63.330 | 112.620 | 79.820 | −2.356 | 0.018 |
| Meta 5 | 65.730 | 57.850 | 67.200 | 66.260 | −1.474 | 0.141 |
| Midfoot | 103.100 | 117.250 | 98.540 | 61.940 | −0.180 | 0.857 |
| Medial heel | 179.200 | 98.185 | 152.740 | 76.480 | −1.513 | 0.130 |
| Lateral heel | 136.700 | 94.835 | 133.680 | 51.040 | −1.389 | 0.165 |
| Maximum pressure (N/cm2) | ||||||
| Toe 1 | 4.500 | 3.635 | 4.460 | 4.150 | −0.111 | 0.912 |
| Toe 2–5 | 0.500 | 0.930 | 0.640 | 1.040 | −1.187 | 0.235 |
| Meta 1 | 6.200 | 4.950 | 7.440 | 6.320 | −2.323 | 0.020 |
| Meta 2 | 14.400 | 6.400 | 20.430 | 9.525 | −4.231 | 0.000 |
| Meta 3 | 16.070 | 6.430 | 20.720 | 10.080 | −3.477 | 0.001 |
| Meta 4 | 11.800 | 6.530 | 14.480 | 10.700 | −2.581 | 0.010 |
| Meta 5 | 6.100 | 5.400 | 6.220 | 5.720 | −1.271 | 0.204 |
| Midfoot | 3.400 | 2.265 | 3.190 | 1.830 | −0.049 | 0.961 |
| Medial heel | 9.800 | 4.065 | 9.580 | 3.460 | −0.964 | 0.335 |
| Lateral heel | 9.800 | 4.755 | 9.160 | 2.860 | −0.951 | 0.342 |
| Impulse (N·s) | ||||||
| Toe 1 | 10.670 | 14.995 | 9.700 | 11.510 | −0.281 | 0.779 |
| Toe 2–5 | 0.400 | 1.150 | 0.400 | 1.280 | −0.237 | 0.813 |
| Meta 1 | 15.930 | 18.995 | 14.720 | 14.840 | −0.758 | 0.448 |
| Meta 2 | 33.270 | 20.265 | 36.640 | 21.370 | −1.807 | 0.071 |
| Meta 3 | 31.400 | 19.635 | 36.640 | 24.820 | −2.441 | 0.015 |
| Meta 4 | 27.730 | 19.185 | 26.720 | 26.280 | −1.513 | 0.130 |
| Meta 5 | 18.700 | 18.500 | 17.040 | 24.360 | −0.637 | 0.524 |
| Midfoot | 29.750 | 36.985 | 24.500 | 19.145 | −0.291 | 0.771 |
| Medial heel | 42.730 | 37.615 | 37.860 | 19.860 | −2.676 | 0.007 |
| Lateral heel | 34.970 | 30.465 | 31.860 | 14.270 | −2.166 | 0.030 |
| Pressure-time integral (N·s·cm−2) | ||||||
| Toe 1 | 0.630 | 0.715 | 0.660 | 0.690 | –0.056 | 0.956 |
| Toe 2–5 | 0.050 | 0.100 | 0.080 | 0.110 | –0.946 | 0.344 |
| Meta 1 | 1.430 | 1.285 | 1.340 | 1.550 | –1.244 | 0.214 |
| Meta 2 | 3.300 | 1.465 | 3.920 | 2.100 | –2.402 | 0.016 |
| Meta 3 | 3.700 | 1.855 | 4.720 | 2.800 | –3.359 | 0.001 |
| Meta 4 | 3.100 | 1.720 | 3.300 | 2.990 | –2.202 | 0.028 |
| Meta 5 | 1.600 | 1.535 | 1.460 | 1.780 | –1.751 | 0.080 |
| Midfoot | 0.900 | 0.700 | 0.840 | 0.570 | –0.271 | 0.787 |
| Medial heel | 2.470 | 1.365 | 2.300 | 1.060 | –1.565 | 0.118 |
| Lateral heel | 2.600 | 1.550 | 2.280 | 0.875 | –2.189 | 0.029 |
| Loading rate (N·cm−2·s−1) | ||||||
| Toe 1 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.010 | –1.705 | 0.088 |
| Toe 2–5 | 0.010 | 0.025 | 0.000 | 0.035 | –0.904 | 0.366 |
| Meta 1 | 0.040 | 0.020 | 0.040 | 0.020 | –0.370 | 0.712 |
| Meta 2 | 0.050 | 0.030 | 0.050 | 0.020 | –1.561 | 0.118 |
| Meta 3 | 0.050 | 0.020 | 0.050 | 0.020 | –0.535 | 0.593 |
| Meta 4 | 0.040 | 0.015 | 0.040 | 0.020 | –1.721 | 0.085 |
| Meta 5 | 0.020 | 0.015 | 0.020 | 0.010 | –0.289 | 0.773 |
| Midfoot | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.040 | 0.030 | –1.365 | 0.172 |
| Lateral heel | 0.210 | 0.275 | 0.210 | 0.250 | –0.993 | 0.321 |
The P values are derived from the comparison between the plantar pressure parameters at the baseline point and 2 years later. IQR: Interquartile range; Toe 1: The hallux; Toe 2–5: The second to the fifth toes; Meta 1–Meta 5: Each of the first to the fifth metatarsal heads; Medial heel: The medial portion of the heel; Lateral heel: The lateral portion of the heel.