Table 4.

Results of Mann–Whitney U-tests for evaluating the association between the significant plantar pressure changes and clinical characteristics (the categorical variables) of the patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 65)

Plantar pressure parameters	Blisters	Calluses	Infections	Ulcers
Maximum force
Meta 1	0.969 (0.332)	−0.049 (0.961)	0.793 (0.428)	1.633 (0.102)
Meta 2	2.470 (0.014)	2.542 (0.011)	2.611 (0.009)	1.368 (0.171)
Meta 3	1.657 (0.098)	2.985 (0.003)	0.938 (0.348)	1.368 (0.171)
Meta 4	1.032 (0.302)	2.452 (0.014)	1.075 (0.283)	1.519 (0.129)
Maximum pressure
Meta 1	1.094 (0.274)	−0.303 (0.762)	1.298 (0.194)	1.709 (0.087)
Meta 2	2.470 (0.014)	2.034 (0.042)	2.957 (0.003)	1.519 (0.129)
Meta 3	2.064 (0.039)	2.452 (0.014)	1.976 (0.048)	1.235 (0.217)
Meta 4	1.532 (0.126)	1.870 (0.062)	1.716 (0.086)	1.709 (0.087)
Impulse
Meta 3	1.626 (0.104)	3.395 (0.001)	1.370 (0.171)	0.798 (0.425)
Medial heel	2.282 (0.022)	0.476 (0.634)	2.019 (0.043)	2.127 (0.033)
Lateral heel	2.189 (0.029)	0.738 (0.461)	2.214 (0.027)	2.051 (0.040)
Pressure-time integral
Meta 2	2.455 (0.014)	1.968 (0.049)	2.394 (0.017)	1.045 (0.296)
Meta 3	1.829 (0.067)	3.067 (0.002)	1.731 (0.083)	0.665 (0.506)
Meta 4	1.438 (0.150)	2.698 (0.007)	1.500 (0.134)	0.950 (0.342)
Lateral heel	1.970 (0.049)	0.090 (0.928)	1.212 (0.226)	2.279 (0.023)

The data was shown as standardized test statistics (P). The P values were derived from the comparison between the means of significant plantar pressure changes in different groups divided by the categorical variables. Toe 1: The hallux; Toe 2–5: The second to the fifth toes; Meta 1–Meta 5: Each of the first to the fifth metatarsal heads; Medial heel: The medial portion of the heel; Lateral heel: The lateral portion of the heel.