Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors of DFS
| Items | n | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 years DFS (%) ± SD | P | HR (95% CI) | P | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 46 | 53.8 ± 14.3 | 0.207 | ||
| Female | 54 | 71.2 ± 9.8 | |||
| Age (years) | |||||
| ≤60 | 74 | 73.6 ± 7.4 | 0.267 | ||
| >60 | 26 | 57.7 ± 15.6 | |||
| Presence of symptom | |||||
| No | 47 | 68.8 ± 16.9 | 0.053 | ||
| Yes | 53 | 60.1 ± 9.3 | |||
| CA199 (U/ml) | |||||
| Normal | 88 | 69.6 ± 8.6 | 0.036 | 1 | |
| Elevated | 12 | 32.7 ± 18.4 | 1.622 (0.535–4.916) | 0.393 | |
| Tumor size (cm)* | |||||
| ≤2 | 35 | 100 | 0.014 | 1 | |
| >2 | 65 | 53.9 ± 9.2 | 1.635 (0.158–16.895) | 0.680 | |
| Tumor location | |||||
| Head | 55 | 63 ± 11.5 | 0.806 | ||
| Body/tail | 45 | 64.9 ± 11.5 | |||
| Grade† | |||||
| Grade 1 + Grade 2 | 85 | 78.8 ± 7.9 | 0.000000 | 1 | |
| Grade 3 | 15 | 10.5 ± 9.6 | 7.286 (2.797–18.980) | 0.000048 | |
| T‡ | |||||
| T1 + T2 | 64 | 92.4 ± 5.2 | 0.000019 | 1 | |
| T3 + T4 | 36 | 33.2 ± 11.8 | 2.798 (0.765–10.235) | 0.120 | |
| Nodal status | |||||
| Negative | 80 | 79.4 ± 8.3 | 0.000001 | 1 | |
| Positive | 20 | 24.9 ± 12.0 | 3.995 (1.585–10.06) | 0.003 | |
| Angioinvasion | |||||
| No | 85 | 73.3 ± 7.1 | 0.000011 | 1 | |
| Yes | 15 | 23.3 ± 13.16 | 4.049 (1.472–11.135) | 0.007 | |
| Perineural invasion | |||||
| No | 93 | 69.7 ± 8.5 | 0.000000 | 1 | |
| Yes | 7 | 0 | 2.215 (0.440–11.048) | 0.332 | |
| LN examined | |||||
| ≤6 | 60 | 60 ± 11.4 | 0.618 | ||
| >6 | 40 | 68.8 ± 11.7 | |||
| Focality | |||||
| Unifocal | 97 | 64.6 ± 8.3 | 0.807 | ||
| Multifocal | 3 | 66.7 ± 27.2 | |||
*Size on resected specimens; †WHO 2010 classification;[22] ‡ENETS recommended TNM staging system.[10] DFS: Disease-free survival; SD: Standard deviation; HR: Hazard ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; LN: Lymph node; ENETS: European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; WHO: World Health Organization.