Table 4.
Brain MRI findings of the patients during LETM.
| Diagnosis by brain MRI (n patients) |
Brain MRI findings | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal n (%) | Nonspecific n (%) | Maybe specific |
|||
| MS-like n (%) | NMO-like n (%) | Other n (%) | |||
| NMO (27) | 3 (11.1%) | 10 (37%) | 0 | 14 (51.8%) | 0 |
| MS (21) | 1 (4.8%) | 3 (14.3%) | 17 (81%) | 0 | 0 |
| Vascular causes | |||||
| Spinal cord stroke (3) | 2 (66.6%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1(33.3%)a |
| SDAVF (3) | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.6%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Infectious, parainfectious | |||||
| HIV myelopathy (2) | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| VZV myelopathy (1) | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| HHV6 (1) | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bacterial (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1(100%)b |
| Lyme (1) | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Paraneoplastic (1) | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sarcoidosis (1) | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
a
Findings compatible with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
b
Diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement.
HHV6: human herpesvirus 6; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; LETM: longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MS: multiple sclerosis; NMO: neuromyelitis optica; SDAVF: spinal dural arteriovenous fistula; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; VZV: varicella-zoster virus.