Table 1.

Summaries of papers used in the review.

Author and reference	Title	Purpose	Key findings
Bansback et al [33]	Development and preliminary user testing of the DCIDA (Dynamic computer interactive decision application) for ‘nudging’ patients towards high quality decisions	To develop and test a computer application that enhances conventional patient decision aids so that common decision errors made by patients can be reduced.	The Dynamic Computer Interactive Decision Application (DCIDA) version of patient decision aids was understandable to users and it was able to help users focus on attributes that are of individual importance to them.
Barkana and Acik [34]	Improvement of design of a surgical interface using an eye tracking device.	To use eye-tracking technology to improve the design of a surgical interface to obtain the optimum configuration.	The interface of the early version of a surgical interface was redundant. With two larger scans at higher spatial resolution on the interface, participants were able to complete tasks more quickly, and the visual acquisition corresponded more to the natural visual search.
Eghdam et al [35]	Combining usability testing with eye-tracking technology: evaluation of a visualization support for antibiotic use in intensive care	To investigate if Infobiotika supports efficient and effective navigation and to observe the user's navigation paths, visual scan patterns, and distribution of visual attention.	Infobiotika was effective and efficient in terms of navigation support, and was a learnable product for intensive care unit (ICU) physicians.
Forsman et al [36]	Integrated information visualization to support decision making for use of antibiotics in intensive care: design and usability evaluation	To investigate the role of visualization as a method to support intensive care physicians’ decision making about antibiotic use, analyze users’ work processes and information needs, develop an interactive tool for integrated information visualization, and perform usability testing.	The visualization tool was usable for supporting ICU physicians in antibiotic use. Physicians had increased awareness of a patient's infection-related data and felt more in control of the situation.
Henneman et al [37]	Providers do not verify patient identity during computer order entry	To determine the frequency of verifying patient identity in an emergency department (ED) during computerized provider order entry (CPOE).	Medical providers did not usually verify patient identity prior to selecting the patient from the list and ordering tests. They often did not recognize patient-identity errors in the system.
Kules and Xie [38]	Older adults searching for health information in MedlinePlus – an exploratory study of faceted online search interfaces	To examine how searchers interact with a faceted Web-search interface.	Faceted interfaces played a substantial role in participants' use of the search result pages. The severity of the health condition affected the use of faceted interfaces.
Liu et al [39]	The use of illustration to improve older adults’ comprehension of health-related information: Is it helpful?	To examine whether explanatory illustrations can improve older adults' comprehension of written health information.	Older adults had difficulties understanding the illustrations as well as integrating the illustrations with the text. Older adults did not benefit from the use of illustration.
Rashid et al [40]	Preliminary usability testing with eye tracking and FCAT analysis on occupational safety and health websites	To measure effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction of the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) website, and to gather user feedback.	Eye-tracker data and user feedback helped identify usability problems of three OSH websites.
Wolpin et al [41]	Development and usability testing of a web-based cancer symptom and quality-of-life support intervention	To develop a user-centered prototype, and assess user preferences from usability testing of a revised prototype of the Electronic Self-Report Assessment for Cancer-II (ESRAC 2.0) project.	An application was developed that integrated the patients’ needs through the methods of participatory design, usability testing, and iterative development.