Table 3.

Divergence times of endemic fish species in Lake Biwa

Node	Code	P‐ dis.	tMRCA (Myr)	95% HPD
Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus masou subsp. (Lake Biwa trout) ‐ O. masou subspecies	a	0.007	0.52	0.29–0.76
Cyprinidae
Carassius cuvieri ‐ Carassius species (China & Japan)	b	0.055	2.64	2.30–3.00
Gnathopogon caerulescens ‐ G. elongatus (West)	c	0.026	2.39	1.81–2.96
S. v. variegatus ‐ S. biwaensis ‐ S. v. microoculus	d	<0.005	0.07–0.52	0.02–0.67
Squalidus biwae biwae ‐ S. b. tsuchigae (Setouchi & around L. Biwa)	e	<0.006	0.18–0.56	0.10–0.72
Opsariichthys unicirostris ‐ O. bidens	f	0.039	2.99	2.01–3.96
Siluridae
Silurus lithophilus ‐ S. asotus (Eastern)	ga	0.008	1.24	1.02–1.45
S. lithophilus + S. asotus (Eastern) ‐ S. asotus (Western, including Lake Biwa)	h	0.052	9.67	6.34–13.3
S. lithophilus + S. asotus ‐ S. biwaensis	i	0.065	13.0	8.56–17.9
Gobiidae
Gymnogobius isaza ‐ G. urotaenia + G. petschiliensis	j	0.062	2.25	1.82–2.65
Cottidae
Cottus reinii ‐ C. reinii (amphidromous type; Ise Bay)	k	0.011	1.25	1.05–1.46

For node codes, see Fig. 3. P‐dis. uncorrected P‐distance.

^aCalibration point.