Figure 3.

miPS and riPS lines generated cells of all three germ layers. To confirm the pluripotent nature of these newly generated miPS and riPS lines, differentiation was performed via the formation of embryoid bodies to further assess the pluripotent nature of these cells. All lines of human induced pluripotent stem cells were analyzed for germ layer markers after 3–4 weeks of differentiation in medium consisting of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/F12 and 20% knockout serum replacement. Ectodermal cells were identified by the expression of βIII-tubulin; mesodermal cells were identified by the expression of smooth muscle actin; and endodermal derivatives were identified by the expression of α-fetoprotein. Scale bar = 75 μm. Abbreviations: miPS, mRNA-reprogrammed hiPSCs; riPS, retroviral-derived hiPSCs.