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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2016 Jan 15;51:54–63. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.016

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Xenopus techniques for orofacial development. A) Frontal and lateral views of Xenopus at stage 40. B) Schematic showing the steps in performing a face transplant. Orofacial tissue is removed from a donor injected embryo and transplanted to the same region of sibling un-injected embryo. C) Schematic showing the steps in performing a face explant. Tissue is excised from the head and plated on a fibronectin coated glass bottom dish. D) Schematic showing a representative example of morphometric analysis of the orofacial region in Xenopus. Landmarks are assigned coordinates which are then used to perform a canonical variate analysis. This analysis can statistically separate landmark locations from a normal and morphant (or chemically treated) embryo which can then be presented graphically or on a transformation grid.