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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2016 Feb 4;51:64–72. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.003

Figure 5. Assessing the response of cultured growth cones to guidance signals and secondary messengers.

Figure 5

(A) Repetitive pulse application method to assess growth cone response to chemical gradients released via micropipette positioned 100 microns away from the center of the growth cone at an angle of 45°. (B-C) Growth cone response to asymmetrical alterations of intracellular secondary molecules Ca++ and cAMP. (B) Focal laser induced photolysis of caged Ca++ loaded (NP-EGTA) growth cones [60]. (C) Optogenetically generated cAMP transients in growth cone expressing photoactivated adenyl cyclase (PAC) [55].