Table 1.

Characteristics of Included Studies

Study; Country	Study Design	Center	Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria	Cell Type; Route of Delivery	Outcome	Follow-up
Losordo;¹⁴ USA	RCT: double- blind, placebo- controlled	3	Age >21 yr, CCS III/IV, refractory to medical therapy, 2 anti-anginals, ineligible for revascularization, documented ischemia on nuclear perfusion	MI ≤ 30 days, revascularization ≤ 3 months, joint disease/COPD/PVD which may limit walking on treadmill severe AS/MS, CHF symptoms, life expectancy < 1 year, uncontrolled HTN	CD34+ cells, Intramyocardial (EMM, NOGA guided)	Angina frequency, NTG use, exercise tolerance, CCS class, SPECT imaging, QoL; Safety	1,2,4 weeks; 2,3,6, 9 and 12 months
Tse;¹⁵ Hong Kong, Australia	RCT: blind, placebo- controlled	2	CCS III/IV, refractory to medical therapy, ineligible for revascularization, documented viable myocardium on SPECT,	Unprotected L main, decompensated CHF, LVEF ≤ 30%, ACS or stroke within 3 months, significant renal, liver or hematological abnormalities; AF/AS/LV thrombus/PAD prevent electromechanical LV mapping	BMMNC; Intramyocard ial (EMM, NOGA guided)	Exercise treadmill, SPECT, cardiac MRI	3,6 months
Ramshorst;¹⁶ Netherlands	RCT: double- blind, placebo- controlled	1	CCS III/IV despite medical therapy, documented ischemia in at least 1myocardial segment on SPECT, ineligible for revascularization	LVEF < 35%, MI within 6 months, GFR < 30 ml/min, unexplained hematological abnormalities, malignancy	BMMNC; Intramyocard ial (EMM, NOGA guided)	CCS class, QoL, exercise capacity, myocardial perfusion, LV function and volumes, arrhythmia	3,6 months
Wang;¹⁷ China	RCT; placebo- controlled	1	Age >30 yr, CCS III/IV, refractory to medical therapy, ineligible for revascularization, ischemia on nuclear perfusion, angina during baseline exercise	MI within 30 days, revascularization within 6 months, TIA within 60 days, severe AS/MS, CHF symptoms, life expectancy < 1 year, uncontrolled HTN; joint disease/COPD/PVD which may limit walking on treadmill	CD34+ cells; Intracoronary	Angina frequency, NTG use, exercise tolerance, CCS class, SPECT imaging; Safety	1,2,4 weeks; 3 and 6 months
Losordo;¹⁸ USA	RCT: double- blind, placebo- controlled	26	Age >21 yr, CCS III/IV, refractory to medical therapy, angina during baseline exercise, ischemia on nuclear perfusion, ineligible for revascularization	MI within 60 days, revascularization within 3 months, LVEF < 25%, predominant CHF symptoms, severe AS, prosthetic aortic valve, COPD which may limit walking on treadmill, creatinine > 2.5 mg/dl	CD34+ cells; Intramyocard ial (EMM, NOGA guided)	Angina frequency, anti-anginal use, exercise tolerance, CCS class, SPECT imaging, MRI; Safety	28 days; 3,6 and 12 months
Quevedo;¹⁹ Spain	RCT; single- blind, placebo- controlled	3	CCS II-IV, refractory to medical therapy, coronary anatomy not amenable to revascularization, documented ischemia on SPECT	MI within 3 months, LV thrombus, aortic valve ds, hemorrhagic disorder, LV wall thickness < 8 mm, history of malignancy ≤5 years, pregnancy	CD133+ cells; Intramyocard ial (EMM, NOGA guided)	CCS class, treadmill test, SPECT, anti- anginal medication; QoL, MRI; Safety	1 week; 1,3 and 6 months; 1 and 2 years

Abbreviations: USA, United States; RCT, Randomized controlled trial; CCS, Canadian cardiovascular society functional angina class; MI, Myocardial Infarction; AS, Aortic stenosis; MS, Mitral stenosis; CHF, Congestive heart failure; HTN, Hypertension; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PVD, Peripheral vascular disease; NTG, Nitroglycerine; SPECT, Single photon emission computed tomography; QoL, Quality of life; BMMNC, Bone marrow mononuclear cells, LV, Left ventricular.