Table 4. Effects of command neuron ablations on model parameters.

The sign of the change (Δ) caused by the ablation is shown as “+” if the value moved away from 0, “–” if the value moved towards 0. Significance was determined using the likelihood ratio test (Weisstein, Eric W. "Likelihood Ratio." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram. com/LikelihoodRatio.html), which is based on the reduction in likelihood caused by constraining one of the parameters to have the same value in both the ablated cohort and the corresponding sham cohort. The unconstrained fit thus had 12 free parameters (6 for each of the 2 cohorts being compared), while the constrained fit had 11 free parameters. For example, to test the significance of the change in the mean dwell time in the pause state ($d_{\text{P}}=\left(p_{\text{X}}{d}_{\text{X}}+p_{\text{Y}}{d}_{\text{Y}}\right)/\left(p_{\text{X}}+p_{\text{Y}}\right)$${\displaystyle d_p=(p_x{d}_x+p_Y{d}_Y)/(p_x+p_y)}$ caused by ablation of the AVA neuron pair, two cohorts (ablated and sham) were grown and tested under identical conditions. The ln likelihood with 12 free parameters was found to be 894794.075. When ${\displaystyle d_p}$ was constrained to be the same for both cohorts, the ln likelihood for the 11 parameter fit was found to be 894784.676. The test statistic $D=2\times \left(894794.075-894784.676\right)=18.798$ was assumed to come from a chi-squared distribution with one degree of freedom, which yielded $p=1.45\times {10}^{-5}$ (shown in the table as $p<{10}^{-4}$). The constrained fitting process was repeated in turn for each ablation/sham pair for each of the 9 rows shown in the table. All p-values are shown without correction for multiple comparisons. Blue denotes significance at p<0.05. Red denotes significance at p<0.05 after Bonferroni correction for 27 comparisons

	REVERSE												FORWARD
	AVE				AVD				AVA				AVB				PVC
	Sham	Ablate	∆	p<	Sham	Ablate	∆	p<	Sham	Ablate	∆	p<	Sham	Ablate	∆	p<	Sham	Ablate	∆	p<
${\displaystyle d_F}$ (s)	5.455	5.221	–	0.2	5.158	4.081	–	10-15	6.730	3.143	–	10-99	7.289	2.642	–	10-99	6.058	6.558	+	0.02
${\displaystyle d_R}$ (s)	3.019	2.436	–	10-6	2.540	2.367	–	0.05	2.359	1.243	–	10-41	2.127	1.681	–	10-6	2.842	2.396	–	0.0005
${\displaystyle d_X}$ (s)	0.548	0.548	–	1	0.514	0.520	+	0.6	0.480	0.582	+	10-7	0.370	0.437	+	10-6	0.457	0.508	+	0.004
${\displaystyle d_Y}$ (s)	0.229	0.263	+	0.002	0.229	0.241	+	0.07	0.214	0.331	+	10-7	0.197	0.144	–	10-7	0.220	0.226	+	0.5
${\displaystyle d_p}$ (s)	0.495	0.496	+	1	0.460	0.468	+	0.5	0.437	0.510	+	10-4	0.331	0.416	+	10-11	0.410	0.457	+	0.003
${\displaystyle p_F}$	0.720	0.747	+	0.004	0.723	0.689	–	0.0005	0.809	0.704	–	10-24	0.818	0.745	–	10-15	0.749	0.787	+	0.0002
${\displaystyle p_R}$	0.192	0.158	–	10-4	0.188	0.203	+	0.05	0.122	0.137	+	0.04	0.129	0.120	–	0.2	0.181	0.139	–	10-9
${\displaystyle p_X}$	0.073	0.078	+	0.07	0.072	0.088	+	10-7	0.058	0.113	+	10-9	0.041	0.125	+	10-99	0.056	0.061	+	0.2
${\displaystyle p_Y}$	0.014	0.017	+	0.02	0.017	0.020	+	0.005	0.011	0.046	+	10-23	0.012	0.010	–	0.01	0.014	0.013	–	0.5