Table 1.

Causes of male osteoporosis and risk factors for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, adapted from references 5, 9, 10, 11 e 12.

Causes of male osteoporosis	Risk factors
• Corticoid use	• Age ≥ 70 years
• Immunosuppressant use	• Fractures before the age of 40 years
• Hypogonadism	• Maternal history of fractures
• Alcoholism	• Low body mass index
• Smoking	• Low calcium intake
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	• Unstable balance
• Cystic fibrosis	• Quadriceps weakness
• Anticonvulsant medication	• Falls over the last 12 months
• Gastrointestinal diseases	• Caucasian ethnicity
• Ankylosing spondylitis	• Poor visual acuity
• Thyrotoxicosis	• Lumbar pain
• Hyperparathyroidism	• Sedentarism
• Rheumatoid arthritis	• Use of androgen inhibitors
	• Idiopathic hypercalciuria