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. 2015 Nov 16;45(2):160–165. doi: 10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30287-1

Box 1.

Ranawat pain classification

CLASS
0 Free from pain
I Intermittent pain, responsive to ordinary analgesics
II Intermittent pain, responsive ordinary analgesics, with need for immobilization using a cervical collar
III Continuous and incapacitating pain that does not respond to analgesics

Adapted from Ranawat et al(10)