Figure 5.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) administration can enhance fungal killing and clearance in the lung. A, Schematic of experimental design. B, Representative plot shows lung neutrophils analyzed on the basis of conidial uptake and viability. The R1 gates represent fungus-engaged neutrophils with live conidia, and the R2 gates, fungus-engaged neutrophils with dead conidia. C, Dot plots show normalized conidial viability in (top row) and conidial uptake by (bottom row) lung neutrophils (left panels) and inflammatory monocytes (right panels) isolated from C57BL/6 mice challenged with CEA10 fluorescent Aspergillus reporter (FLARE) or Af293 FLARE conidia. Data were normalized to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) controls (dotted lines) from 3 independent experiments (CEA10; n = 20 for PBS, n = 24 for GM-CSF) and 1 experiment (AF293; n = 7 for PBS, n = 6 for GM-CSF), and relative values are presented. D, Fungal burden in the lungs from PBS (n = 15) or GM-CSF (n = 21) injected wild-type (WT) mice challenged with CEA10 FLARE conidia. E, Fungal burden in the lungs from PBS- (n = 8) or GM-CSF– (n = 9) injected p91phox−/− mice challenged with CEA10 FLARE conidia. *P < .01. Abbreviations: Af, Aspergillus fumigatus; CFUs, colony-forming units.