Fig. 3.

PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to low extracellular vesicle (EV) concentrations release an activated cytokine profile; high EV concentrations impair that activated profile. Culture media from PHA-treated and PHA/EV-treated T-cells were analyzed on protein microarrays for relative cytokine concentrations. Fold changes between groups were analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis for functional pathways predicted to change (also, Supplementary material, Tables S1 and S2). (A) Relative cytokine/chemokine concentrations detected in media of EV-treated cells compared with cells receiving only PHA stimulation. (B) Predicted significant functional consequences of low (left) or high (right) EV exposure based on all cytokine changes versus PHA (P < .05).