Table 3.
Weighted incidence rates of depression per 100 person-years, by sensitive and specific criterion, US Reserve and National Guard service members, 2010–2013
| Incidence of Depression at Follow-up |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitive Criteriona |
Specific Criterionb |
|||||
| Risk Factor | Incidence per 100 person-years | 95% CI | p | Incidence per 100 person-years | 95% CI | p |
| Age (years) | .34 | .14 | ||||
| 18–24 | 3.3 | 1.9–5.7 | 2.6 | 1.5–4.7 | ||
| 25–34 | 5.2 | 3.9–7.0 | 3.9 | 2.8–5.4 | ||
| 35+ | 4.7 | 3.6–6.2 | 2.5 | 1.7–3.5 | ||
| Sex | .07 | .24 | ||||
| Male | 4.3 | 3.5–5.4 | 2.8 | 2.2–3.7 | ||
| Female | 6.3 | 4.4–9.1 | 3.9 | 2.5–6.1 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | .26 | .39 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic, White | 4.2 | 3.4–5.3 | 2.8 | 2.1–3.6 | ||
| Non-Hispanic, Black | 6.9 | 4.5–10.6 | 3.6 | 2.0–6.6 | ||
| Hispanic | 5.2 | 2.9–9.1 | 4.5 | 2.7–7.4 | ||
| Other | 4.7 | 2.1–10.4 | 2.9 | 1.2–7.0 | ||
| Education | .007 | .36 | ||||
| < High school & GED | 9.7 | 3.8–24.5 | 4.5 | 1.1–18.2 | ||
| High school | 5.5 | 3.6–8.6 | 3.2 | 1.8–5.5 | ||
| Some college | 5.2 | 4.1–6.7 | 3.4 | 2.5–4.6 | ||
| College graduate + | 2.9 | 2.0–4.0 | 2.2 | 1.5–3.3 | ||
| Marital status | .0002 | .04 | ||||
| Never married | 3.6 | 2.5–5.3 | 2.4 | 1.6–3.7 | ||
| Married | 4.4 | 3.4–5.6 | 2.9 | 2.2–4.0 | ||
| Previously married | 9.9 | 6.8–14.5 | 5.5 | 3.4–8.8 | ||
| Rank | .04 | .03 | ||||
| Junior enlisted (E1-E3) | 3.2 | 1.3–7.8 | 2.4 | 0.9–6.4 | ||
| Non-Commissioned Officers (E4-E9) | 5.2 | 4.2–6.4 | 3.4 | 2.7–4.3 | ||
| Officer (W1-W5/O1-O6) | 3.0 | 2.0–4.5 | 1.6 | 0.9–2.6 | ||
| Number of baseline deployments | .39 | .26 | ||||
| 0 | 4.9 | 3.4–6.9 | 3.0 | 1.9–4.6 | ||
| 1 | 3.6 | 2.5–5.2 | 2.4 | 1.6–3.6 | ||
| 2 | 5.3 | 3.8–7.5 | 4.1 | 2.8–6.0 | ||
| 3+ | 5.5 | 3.6–8.4 | 2.5 | 1.4–4.6 | ||
| Past-year deployment | .26 | .30 | ||||
| Yes | 7.0 | 4.7–10.6 | 2.7 | 1.4–5.2 | ||
| No | 5.4 | 4.4–6.6 | 3.9 | 3.0–4.9 | ||
| Past-year deployment trauma | .83 | .16 | ||||
| Yes | 4.9 | 3.0–8.0 | 1.8 | 0.8–4.0 | ||
| No | 4.6 | 3.8–5.7 | 3.3 | 2.6–4.1 | ||
| Past-year civilian trauma | .002 | .009 | ||||
| Yes | 6.1 | 4.8–7.7 | 3.9 | 2.9–5.2 | ||
| No | 3.3 | 2.5–4.5 | 2.2 | 1.5–3.0 | ||
| Component | .11 | .30 | ||||
| Reserve | 4.0 | 3.1–5.2 | 2.7 | 1.9–3.7 | ||
| National Guard | 5.4 | 4.2–6.9 | 3.4 | 2.5–4.6 | ||
| Branch | .08 | .01 | ||||
| Air Force Reserve | 2.1 | 1.0–4.2 | 0.7 | 0.2–1.8 | ||
| Army Reserve | 4.3 | 3.0–6.1 | 2.7 | 1.7–4.4 | ||
| Marine Reserve | 7.4 | 4.1–13.1 | 5.4 | 2.9–10.1 | ||
| Navy Reserve | 3.3 | 1.6–6.8 | 2.8 | 1.3–6.0 | ||
| Air National Guard | 5.1 | 3.0–8.8 | 2.2 | 1.0–4.8 | ||
| Army National Guard | 5.4 | 4.1–7.2 | 3.7 | 2.7–5.1 | ||
a
Sensitive Criterion: 10 or more on PHQ9 screener
b
Specific Criterion: PHQ9 DSM-requires that one or both of depressed mood or loss of interest be endorsed at the “most days” level and that a total of 5 items be scored at this level. One exception is that a suicidal ideation item can be counted towards the required 5 symptoms even if it is only endorsed at the “several days” level. PTSD, Posttraumatic stress disorder; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; GED, Graduate Equivalence Diploma; E, Enlisted rank; O, Commissioned officer rank; W, Warrant officer rank.