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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2016 Feb 4;26(3):204–211. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.01.002

Table 3.

Association Between Characteristics Predictive of Sampling and Adverse Birth Outcomes by Populations.

Characteristics LBW PTD
Geocoded only Entire sample Geocoded only Entire sample
OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI
 White 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 Black 2.38 2.26, 2.50 2.33 2.23, 2.45 1.71 1.64, 1.79 1.69 1.62, 1.77
 Hispanic 1.28 1.21, 1.36 1.27 1.20, 1.34 1.13 1.07, 1.18 1.12 1.07, 1.18
 Asian/PI 1.75 1.56, 1.97 1.76 1.57, 1.96 1.21 1.08, 1.35 1.21 1.09, 1.34
 Other 1.50 1.30, 1.73 1.49 1.31, 1.70 1.11 0.97, 1.27 1.12 0.99, 1.27
Maternal age
 <20 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 20-34 1.03 0.97, 1.10 1.02 0.96, 1.08 1.08 1.02, 1.15 1.06 0.99, 1.12
 ≥35 1.46 1.35, 1.59 1.47 1.36, 1.59 1.49 1.39, 1.61 1.49 1.38, 1.59
Maternal education
 <High school 1.31 1.24, 1.41 1.33 1.25, 1.42 1.28 1.20, 1.36 1.28 1.21, 1.36
 High School 1.22 1.15, 1.28 1.22 1.17, 1.28 1.16 1.11, 1.21 1.17 1.12, 1.22
 College or more 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
Marital status
 Married 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 Unmarried 1.15 1.10, 1.20 1.14 1.10, 1.20 1.08 1.03, 1.12 1.08 1.04, 1.12
Maternal smoking
 No 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 Yes 1.93 1.81, 2.06 1.95 1.83, 2.07 1.37 1.28, 1.46 1.35 1.27, 1.43
Kotelchuck index
 Inadequate 0.79 0.76, 0.83 0.80 0.77, 0.84 0.77 0.74, 0.81 0.78 0.75, 0.81
 Adequate 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
Insurance source
 Private 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 Medicaid 1.08 1.03, 1.14 1.08 1.03, 1.13 1.02 0.98, 1.07 1.01 0.97, 1.05
 Other 1.05 0.98, 1.13 1.02 0.96, 1.10 0.99 0.93, 1.05 0.97 0.92, 1.03
Birthing facility
 Hospital 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 Birth Center 0.27 0.17, 0.44 0.26 0.17, 0.41 0.04 0.02, 0.12 0.04 0.01, 0.10
 Home 0.80 0.89, 1.10 0.81 0.61, 1.08 0.38 0.26, 0.55 0.43 0.31, 0.60
 Other 3.51 2.25, 5.48 3.34 2.20, 5.09 2.35 1.47, 3.76 2.52 1.64, 3.86
Parity
 0 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 ≥1 0.70 0.67, 0.73 0.70 0.68, 0.73 0.93 0.90, 0.96 0.93 0.90, 0.97
Nativity
 US 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 Non-US 0.91 0.86, 0.96 0.92 0.87, 0.96 0.89 0.84, 0.93 0.88 0.84, 0.92
Urbanity
 Urban 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
 Rural 0.97 0.90, 1.05 0.99 0.93, 1.06 0.99 0.92, 1.06 0.98 0.92, 1.04