Table 2.
Characteristics of the Nursing Homes and Markets
| M (SD) or % | χ2 or t | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| California | Florida | ||
| Facility characteristics | n = 1,127 | n = 657 | |
| Total deficiency score | 87.9 (96.0) | 62.7 (66.5) | 6.51*** |
| For‐profit ownership | 86.4 | 71.4 | 60.72*** |
| Chain membership | 53.7 | 57.1 | 1.93 |
| Occupancy | 86.4 | 87.7 | −2.34* |
| Number of beds (in 100s) | 98 (49) | 121 (45) | −10.09*** |
| Staffing measures | |||
| FTE RN HPRD | 0.36 (0.39) | 0.31 (0.20) | 3.63*** |
| FTE LPN HPRD | 0.90 (0.69) | 1.12 (0.37) | −8.69*** |
| FTE CNA HPRD | 2.78 (1.86) | 3.48 (1.36) | −9.03*** |
| Qualified social workers per 100 residents | 0.91 (1.47) | 1.31 (0.95) | −6.93*** |
| Proportion of Medicaid residents | 63.2 | 55.7 | 6.70*** |
| Proportion of Medicare residents | 13 | 19.8 | −10.74*** |
| Proportion of residents admitted from acute care | 0.802 (0.216) | 0.852 (0.145) | −5.55*** |
| Episode length (days) | 184.0 (101.4) | 133.8 (66.8) | 12.00*** |
| Market characteristics | n = 55 | n = 63 | |
| Herfinadahl index | 0.327 (0.350) | 0.379 (0.355) | −0.81 |
| Market occupancy | 84.6 | 88.4 | −3.09** |
| Median household income | $53,085 ($13,513) | $43,939 ($7,895) | 4.41*** |
| Population density | 699 (2,373) | 358 (534) | 1.04 |
| Proportion of residents 65 years and older | 0.109 (0.037) | 0.179 (0.077) | −4.66*** |
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.
CNA, certified nurse aid; FTE, full‐time equivalent; HPRD, hours per resident day; LPN, licensed practice nurse; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; RN, registered nurse.