Table 2.

Mixed‐effect binary logistic regression on future new‐use of benzodiazepine/related‐z drugs stratified by group allocation (intervention or control)*

Variables	New‐use of BZD
	Intervention group			Control group
	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
NH‐related variables
FTE coordinating physician/100 beds	1.69	0.47–6.10	0.43	1.71	0.67–4.38	0.26
FTE nurse/100 beds	0.91	0.76–1.09	0.29	1.00	0.89–1.11	0.95
Informatics system (ref.: no)	0.91	0.48–1.72	0.77	1.46	0.84–2.53	0.18
Re‐evaluate prescriptions after 30 days of BZD (ref.: no)	0.82	0.53–1.26	0.36	0.86	0.59–1.26	0.44
Pharmacy for internal usage (ref.: no)	1.45	0.72–2.92	0.29	1.00	0.58–1.73	0.99
GP/100 beds	0.99	0.98–1.01	0.52	1.00	0.98–1.02	0.87
Confounders
Gender (ref. men)	0.96	0.61–1.52	0.86	1.86	1.22–2.81	0.003
Age	0.96	0.94–0.99	0.003	0.98	0.96–1.00	0.053
Length of stay in the NH	0.99	0.99–1.00	0.07	1.00	1.00–1.00	0.35
Charlson Comorbidity Index	0.91	0.80–1.04	0.18	0.96	0.85–1.07	0.46
Depression (ref.: no)	2.10	1.20–3.69	0.01	1.11	0.70–1.76	0.65
Psychiatric diseases (other than depression) (ref.: no)	0.81	0.43–1.52	0.51	1.51	0.91–2.47	0.11
Hospitalisation in the last 12 months (ref.: no)	1.76	1.14–2.73	0.011	1.56	1.08–2.24	0.017
Complaints about pain (ref.: no)	0.67	0.38–1.17	0.16	1.82	1.19–2.78	0.005
Analgesics (ref.: no)	1.23	0.80–1.89	0.33	1.09	0.75–1.58	0.66
Antipsychotics (ref.: no)	1.01	0.60–1.69	0.98	1.55	0.99–2.42	0.053
Antidepressants (ref.: no)	0.72	0.42–1.25	0.25	1.22	0.80–1.84	0.36
Meprobamate (ref.: no)	3.33	1.72–6.43	<0.001	5.41	3.13–9.35	<0.001
Number of medications	1.04	0.97–1.12	0.25	1.00	0.94–1.06	0.97
Behavioural disturbances (ref.: no)	2.26	1.48–3.45	<0.001	1.36	0.93–1.99	0.11

Note BZD, benzodiazepine and related‐z drugs; CI, confidence interval; FTE, full‐time equivalent; GP, general practitioner; NH, nursing home.

^* This analysis was performed only among participants who were not using BZD at Wave1 (baseline).