| BZD/Z molecules | ATC code | Half‐life (hours) | Number of participants (%) Wave1 | Number of participants (%) Wave2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiolytics | ||||
| Diazepam | N05BA01 | Long (32‐47 h) | 34 (0.9) | 41 (1) |
| Alprazolam | N05BA12 | Medium (10‐20 h) | 217 (5.5) | 246 (6.2) |
| Bromazepam | N05BA08 | Medium (20 h) | 286 (7.2) | 191 (4.8) |
| Clobazam | N05BA09 | Medium (20 h) | 18 (0.45) | 22 (0.5) |
| Potassium clorazepate | N05BA05 | Long (30‐150 h) | 49 (1.2) | 0 (0) |
| Clotiazepam | N05BA21 | Short (4 h) | 23 (0.6) | 16 (0.4) |
| Ethyl loflazepate | N05BA18 | Long (77 h) | 3 (0.08) | 3 (0.08) |
| Lorazepam | N05BA06 | Medium (10‐20 h) | 213 (5.4) | 187 (4.7) |
| Nordazepam | N05BA16 | Long (30‐150 h) | 3 (0.08) | 2 (0.05) |
| Oxazepam | N05BA04 | Short (8 h) | 551 (13.9) | 741 (18.6) |
| Prazepam | N05BA11 | Long (30‐150 h) | 121 (3.05) | 130 (3.3) |
| Hypnotics/Sedatives | ||||
| Estazolam | N05CD04 | Medium (17 h) | 7 (0.18) | 6 (0.15) |
| Flunitrazepam | N05CD03 | Long (16‐35 h) | 3 (0.08) | 2 (0.05) |
| Loprazolam | N05CD11 | Short (8 h) | 22 (0.55) | 21 (0.5) |
| Lormetazepam | N05CD06 | Medium (10 h) | 95 (2.4) | 95 (2.4) |
| Midazolam | N05CD08 | Short (1.5–2.5 h) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Nitrazepam | N05CD02 | Long (16‐48 h) | 6 (0.15) | 9 (0.2) |
| Temazepam | N05CD07 | Short (5‐8 h) | 1 (0.03) | 0 (0) |
| Zopiclone | N05CF01 | Short (5 h) | 512 (12.9) | 503 (12.7) |
| Zolpidem | N05CF02 | Short (0.7–3.5 h) | 411 (10.3) | 393 (9.9) |
| Muscle relaxants | ||||
| Tetrazepam | M03BX07 | Long (18‐26 h) | 18 (0.45) | 12 (0.3) |
| Antiepileptics | ||||
| Clonazepam † | N03AE01 | Long (20‐60 h) | 163 (4.1) | 53 (1.3) |
*
Half‐life was defined as follows: short: < 10 h; medium: 10–24 h; long: >24 h. Half‐life interval for flunitrazepam, nitrazepam, tetrazepam and clonazepam overlaps 24 h; all of them were considered as long‐acting drugs.
†
The reduction in the consumption of clonazepam is probably related to changes in French rules with regard to the prescription and dispensation of this drug. These changes occurred in January 2012, i.e. after IQUARE's Wave1 and before Wave2 of data collection. From this date, prescription of clonazepam must be initially prescribed by a neurologist or a pediatrician, for a maximum duration of 28 days, and only for treating epilepsy