Table 1.

Ventilatory responses to leptin in different conditions

Species	${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$	Body weight	Leptin therapy and breathing responses	References
ob/ob mice (in vivo)	↑ or ↔ basal ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$	↑↑	Systemic or 4V (3 days)	O'Donnell et al. (2000)
	↓ ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$–CO2		↑ basal ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$	Bassi et al. (2012)
			↑ ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$–CO2
ob/ob mice (in vivo)	↔ basal ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$	↑↑	RTN/pFRG (3 days)	Bassi et al. (2014 a)
	↓ ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$–CO2		↑ basal ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$
			↑ ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$–CO2
Mice LepR/POMC‐cre	↓ basal ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$	↑↑	—	Bassi et al. (2014 b)
LepR/Nestin‐cre	↓ ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$–CO2
MC4R−/−
Rats (anesthetized)	↔	↔	NTS (bolus)	Inyushkin et al. (2009)
			↑ basal ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$	Inyushkina et al. (2010)
Rats (anesthetized)	↔	↔	NTS (bolus)
			↑ AP ↓ bradycardia	Ciriello & Moreau, (2012)
			↑ chemoreflexic response
Rats (in vitro)	↔	↔	Brainstem slices	Bassi et al. (2013)
			↔ RTN–CO2 sensitivity
Rats (in vivo)	↔	↔	LV (6 days)	Bassi et al. (2014 b)
			↑ basal ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$
			↑ ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$–CO2
Rats (in vivo)	↔	↔	LV + MC3/4R blockade	Bassi et al. (2014 b)
			(6 days)
			↔ basal ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$
			↔ ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$–CO2

 ${\dot{V}}_{\mathrm{E}}$, ventilation; RTN/pFRG, retrotrapezoid nuclei/parafacial respiratory group; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; AP, arterial pressure; LV, lateral ventricle; 4V, fourth ventricle; MC3/4R, melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors. ↑ increased or elevated; ↑↑ extreme elevated; ↓ reduced; ↔ no change.