Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| EC transmissibility (n=9) | KP transmissibility (n=10) | EC duration (n=2) | EC pathogenicity colonisation (n=35) | EC pathogenicity infection (n=249) | KP pathogenicity colonisation (n=3) | KP pathogenicity infection (n=35) | KP pathogenicity colonisation and infection (n=1) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of isolates (mean, SD) | 58 (67) | 129 (357) | 59 (69) | 40 (64) | ||||
| Number of isolates (median, IQR) | 36 (21–62) | 53 (20–115) | 36 (20–87) | 20 (14–41) | ||||
| Population—inpatients | 2 (22.2%) | 8 (80.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 11 (31.4%) | 128 (51.4%) | 3 (100.0%) | 24 (68.6%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Population—outpatients/community | 6 (66.7%) | 2 (20.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (51.4%) | 25 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Population—mixed | 1 (11.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.7%) | 63 (25.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.7%) | 1 (100.0%) |
| Population—travellers | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 3 (8.6%) | 3 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Population—other/unknown | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 30 (12.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (25.7%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Continent—Africa | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.7%) | 16 (6.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Continent—Asia | 2 (22.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (25.7%) | 42 (16.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (11.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Continent—Australia | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 3 (8.6%) | 10 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Continent—Europe | 4 (44.4%) | 7 (70.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 14 (40.0%) | 96 (38.6%) | 2 (66.7%) | 14 (40.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Continent—North America | 3 (33.3%) | 1 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (20.0%) | 79 (31.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | 11 (31.4%) | 1 (100.0%) |
| Continent—South America | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (17.1%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Outbreak setting | 3 (33.3%) | 10 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 4 (1.6%) | 1 (33.3%) | 8 (22.9%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Selection—ESBL/3GC-R | 8 (88.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 23 (65.7%) | 182 (73.1%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Selection—CRE/CPE | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (90.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (3.2%) | 1 (33.3%) | 29 (82.9%) | 1 (100.0%) |
| Selection—other | 1 (11.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 5 (14.3%) | 31 (12.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Selection—none | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (20.0%) | 28 (11.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Detection—MLST | 6 (66.7%) | 4 (40.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (28.6%) | 134 (53.8%) | 1 (33.3%) | 25 (71.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Detection—extrapolation based on PFGE | 1 (11.1%) | 3 (30.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (8.6%) | 15 (6.0%) | 1 (33.3%) | 9 (25.7%) | 1 (100.0%) |
| Detection—extrapolation based on PCR | 2 (22.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (100.0%) | 21 (60.0%) | 83 (33.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Detection—CH | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 13 (5.2%) | 1 (33.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Detection—other/unknown | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 4 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Site—blood | 1 (11.1%) | 3 (30.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 64 (25.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (20.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Site—urine | 2 (22.2%) | 3 (30.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 2 (5.7%) | 143 (57.4%) | 1 (33.3%) | 12 (34.3%) | 1 (100.0%) |
| Site—gastrointestinal tract | 6 (66.7%) | 3 (30.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 32 (91.4%) | 5 (2.0%) | 1 (33.3%) | 7 (20.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Site—respiratory tract | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 3 (1.2%) | 1 (33.3%) | 3 (8.6%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Site—wound | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Site—other/unknown | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 33 (13.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (17.1%) | 0 (0.0%) |
CH, fumC/fimH typing; CPE, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; EC, Escherichia coli; ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; KP, Klebsiella pneumoniae; KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase; MLST, multilocus sequence typing; PFGE, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Site, site from which most isolates were identified.