Table. Overview of the literature on perforation closure using over-the-scope clips.
| Author, year | Study type | Number of patients *1 | Location | Technical success | Clinical success | Follow-up (weeks) | Size of perforation | OTS clip-associated complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baron, 2012 (40) |
Retrospective case series | 5 | Esophagus (n=1) Stomach (n=2) Jejunum (n=1) Colon (n=1) |
100% | 75% | NI | NI | Clip-related obstruction of lumen of jejunum (n=1) |
| Gubler, 2012 (40) |
Prospective case series | 14 | Duodenum (n=2) Stomach (n=3) Colon (n=9) |
93% | 78% | 4–92 | 6–30mm | None |
| Hagel, 2012 (e1) |
Retrospective case series | 4 | Esophagus (n=2)) Rectum (n=2) |
50% | 0% | NI | 4–14mm | None |
| Kirschniak, 2007 (e2) |
Retrospective case series | 4 | Stomach (n=1) Colon (n=3) |
100% | 100% | 1–4 | 4–8mm | None |
| Kirschniak, 2011 (e3) |
Retrospective case series | 11 | Upper GI tract (n=7) Colon (n=4) |
100% | 100% | 1–4 | NI | None |
| Nishiyama, 2013 (e4) |
Retrospective case series | 10 | Esophagus (n=1) Stomach (n=3) Duodenum (n=2) Colon (n=2) Rectum (n=2) |
100% | 90% | 1–30 | 25–50mm | None |
| Sandmann, 2011 (e5) |
Retrospective case series | 3 | Stomach (n=1) Duodenum (n=1) Colon (n=1) |
100% | 100% | 4–32 | NI | None |
| Seebach, 2010 (e6) |
Retrospective case series | 4 | Stomach (n=1) Colon (n=3) |
75% | 50% | 10–37 | NI | None |
| Voermans 2012 (e7) |
Prospective, non-controlled study | 31 | Esophagus (n=4) Stomach (n=4) Duodenum (n=11) Colon (n=12) |
92% | 89% | 4 | Up to 30mm | One esophagus perforation related to OTS clip during insertion |
| Haito-Chavez 2014 (e8) |
Retrospective multicenter study | 48 | Esophagus (n=10)) Stomach (n=13) Duodenum/small intestine (n=12) Colorectum (n=12) |
97.5% | 90% | 30 | 4–11.5 mm | None |
| Farnik 2015 (e10) |
Retrospective study | 15 | Upper GI tract | 97.1%*2 | 71%*2 | 38 | Up to 30mm | None |
In this table, only studies with ≥ 3 patients were included.
*1Perforations only; fistulas or hemorrhages treated with OTS clips during the study were not counted.
*2based on the total number of patients OTS, over-the-scope; n, number of affected patients; n. s., non-significant; NI, no information