Table 1.

Traditional uses of Tinospora crispa.

Country	Traditional name	Part used	Mode of use	Traditional use	References
Thailand	Khruea khao ho-Boraphet	Stem Leaves Roots	Infusion Decoction Crushed leaves	Treatment of fever, cholera, diabetes, rheumatism, and snake-bites As a vermifuge As a wash for sore eyes and syphilitic sores. Treatment of wound itching and internal inflammation To reduce thirst and increase appetite	Kongsaktrakoon et al., 1984
		Seed	Cold infusion	Intoxication due to drugs or alcohol	Srithi et al., 2009
		stem	Decoction Chewing	Antipyretic, appetizer, bitter tonic, stomachic, eyes and ears problems, mucous congestion, intestinal parasites	Gimlette and Burkill, 1930
		stem	Decoction	Hemorrhoid	Chuakul et al., 2002
Indonesia	Antawali Brotowali	Stems	Infusion	Treatment of fever and malaria Treatment of stomachache and jaundice. To treat fevers caused by smallpox and cholera. Murut community traditionally uses T. crispa to treat diabetes, hypertension, lumbago, postpartum remedy and muscle pain	Roosita et al., 2008
Malaysia	akar patawali or akar seruntum	Whole plant	boiling	Kadazan-dusun community treats hypertension and malaria by drinking boiled plant	Ahmad and Ismail, 2003
Malaysia		Stem	Decoction	Tuberculosis Aqueous extract of T. crispa stems is taken orally to treat diabetes mellitus	Noor et al., 1989; Mohamad et al., 2011
Bangladesh	(Guloncho-ban) Golonchi	Stem	Juice obtained from macerated stems	Garo and Non-Garo traditional medicinal practitioners in Bangladesh use it for the prevention of intestinal disorders	Rahmatullah et al., 2011
		Vines	juice	A combination of T. crispa and Saccharum officinarum is used to treat fever	Islam et al., 2011
		Leaf stem	Juice	The leaf and stem juice is used to treat jaundice and rheumatism. To relieve body pain leaf and stem juice is massaged onto the affected area twice daily for 7 days	Rahmatullah et al., 2009
		Stem leaves	Pills Juice Boiling extract	Paralysis, abdominal pain, skin disease, leprosy	Kadir et al., 2014
China	Da ye ruan jin teng	Rattan		Yao communities of China use it for fracture, contusion, bitten by viper, carbuncle, furuncle, septicaemia, fever, scabies, and other tropical ulcer related disorders	Li et al., 2006
Cambodia	Banndol Pech	stem		Fever Rheumatism	Hout et al., 2006
Martinique island	(Lyann span Zeb kayenn)	Leaves Stem	Decoction(oral)	Anti diabetics	Longuefosse and Nossin, 1996
Philippine	Makabuhay	Leaf Stem	Aqueous extract	Treatment of flatulence, Indigestion, diarrhea, and rheumatism To treat arthritis when prepared as a poultice with coconut oil	Quisumbing, 1951