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. 2016 Mar 21;6:23384. doi: 10.1038/srep23384

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The solid and hollow markers are respectively drawn from the experimental data sets and simulated data sets. (a) the valence surface is the graph of the equation (1). (b) the arousal surface is the graph of the equation (2). (c) the gradient field of valence is the gradient field of the valence surface (a). (d) the gradient field of arousal is the gradient field of the arousal surface (b).