Table 3.

Marine HAB species suggested as model organisms for deep study towards quantitative genomic capabilities to determine their physiological, genetic and molecular architecture regulating their responses to climate change factors. The quantitative insight on this subset of organisms would elevate the foundation for study of all other HAB organisms.

HAB types	Species	Justification
1. Paralytic shellfish poisoning	Alexandrium fundyense	Subject of extensive field and laboratory studies, northern expansion is expected
2. Diatom (domoic acid poisoning)	Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries	Wide distribution, toxic, and the genome has been mapped, quantitative genomic studies are underway
3. Fish killing	Heterosigma akashiwo (toxic Pacific strain)	Historical harmful impact, growth-temperature relationships known, northern expansion is expected
	Cochlodinium polykrikoides (toxic Pacific strain)	Widespread impacts in Asian waters, long subject of field and laboratory studies
	Karenia brevis (Atlantic strain)	Large spatial scale blooms, broad field studies, direct human health impacts (aerosols)
4. Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning	Dinophysis spp.	Limited data makes a species selection difficult, but this genus serves a useful role as both toxic and mixotrophic model organism
5. High biomass	Aureococcus anophageffens (Long Island, NY)	Large scale blooms with long lasting ecological and aesthetic consequences. Already subject to increasing genomic study
6. Cyanobacteria	Nodularia spumigena (Baltic strain)	Persistent high biomass over large salinity ranges, stimulated by eutrophication
7. Ciguatera fish poisoning	Gambierdiscus spp.	Large species complex with highly variable toxicity and temperature tolerances