Table 5. Clinical Characteristics of Participants Grouped by the Presence of Central Obesity and Further Stratified by WHtR.
| Non-overweight* | p value | Overweight† | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WHtR<0.5 | WHtR≥0.5 | WHtR<0.5 | WHtR≥0.5 | |||
| n (M:F) | 3473 (1778:1695) | 111 (90:21) | 81 (28:53) | 403 (243:160) | ||
| Age (yrs) | 13.7±2.5 | 12.8±2.6 | 0.001 | 13.7±2.3 | 13.5±2.6 | 0.392 |
| Height (cm) | 158.9±11.5 | 151.1±10.7 | <0.001 | 167.8±8.5 | 160.9±10.5 | <0.001 |
| Height z score | 0.29±1.01 | -0.45±1.04 | <0.001 | 1.68±0.86 | 0.66±0.93 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 49.5±11.5 | 55.0±12.4 | <0.001 | 69.1±9.6 | 69.2±15.3 | 0.592 |
| Weight z score | -0.13±0.9 | 0.73±0.62 | <0.001 | 1.76±0.49 | 1.70±0.68 | 0.313 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.4±2.7 | 23.8±2.5 | <0.001 | 24.5±2.1 | 26.4±3.4 | <0.001 |
| BMI z-score | -0.31±0.91 | 1.13±0.48 | <0.001 | 1.31±0.48 | 1.66±0.59 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 66.4±6.9 | 78.0±5.2 | <0.001 | 81.2±4.5 | 87.2±7.8 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 107.4±11.3 | 109.2±10.3 | 0.060 | 110.3±11.2 | 113.8±12.1 | 0.017 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 65.3±10.1 | 66.1±10.6 | 0.264 | 67.4±11.1 | 68.3±10.3 | 0.556 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 91.1±9.5 | 93.1±10.7 | 0.034 | 92.7±10.1 | 91.4±9.2 | 0.325 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 84.6±42.5 | 110.2±58.6 | <0.001 | 106.7±60.6 | 127.5±73.0 | 0.006 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 50.4±11.3 | 47.8±10.3 | 0.020 | 44.8±10.6 | 43.2±8.7 | 0.315 |
BMI, body mass index; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density li-poprotein-cholesterol.
*WC <90th percentile if age <16 years and WC <90 cm in boys and WC <85 cm in girls if age ≥16 years, †WC ≥90th percentile if age <16 years and if age ≥16 years, WC ≥90 cm in boys and WC ≥85 cm in girls.